Bovine Mastitis

Question 1

natural defenses against bovine mastitis

Answer 1

sphincter muscle at teat meatus, milk letdown, streak canal(lined w keratin), keratin

Question 2

milk letdown hormone

Answer 2

oxytocin

Question 3

what is the streak canal

Answer 3

narrow canal where milk leaves teat, lined w keratin

Question 4

what is keratin and its importance in mammary glands

Answer 4

protein lining the streak canals, can inhibit some bacterial growth

Question 5

how mastitis is caused (systemic or external)

Answer 5

external via teat opening always

Question 6

signs of mastitis

Answer 6

abnormal milk, inflammation, sick animal (severe)

Question 7

examples of contageous pathogens tranmitting via milking procedure

Answer 7

Streptococcus agalactia (Strep Ag
Staphylococcus aureus (Stap aureus)

Question 8

examples of environmental pathogens

Answer 8

Escherichia coli (E coli)
streptococcus species besides Ag

Question 9

Strep Ag causes

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

Answer 9

a

Question 10

strep ag is (not v contagious or very contagious)

Answer 10

very contagious

Question 11

signs of Strep ag mastitis

Answer 11

low milk production, inceased SCC in milk

Question 12

Staph aureus causes

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

Answer 12

b) chronic, unresponsive to antibiotics

Question 13

signs of Staph aureus

Answer 13

may feel nodules in udder (abcesses), gland damage, may cause gangrene mastitis

Question 14

how Staph aureus causes gangrene mastitis

signs

Answer 14

some Staph aureus produce toxins, cut off blood supply, tissue dies, cold purple teat, red subs comes out

Question 15

E coli and other Strep species (environmental) cause

a) mild or subclinical mastitis
b) chronic mastitis
c) acute or peracute mastitis

Answer 15

c)

Question 16

signs of environmental mastitis (E coli or Strep species)

Answer 16

fever, inappetance, dehydration, inflammed udders, little to no milk

Question 17

which environmental may produce endotoxins that cause shock-like signs

Answer 17

E coli

Question 18

sign of severe dehydration (in face)

Answer 18

sunken eyes

Question 19

how a california mastisis test works (CMT)

Answer 19

milk from each quarter, add reagent that causes somatic cells to clump

Question 20

why a california mastitis test (CMT) isnt a good test for goats

Answer 20

goats have normally high SCC

Question 21

to give a diagnosis based on observation of milk you would use a

Answer 21

strip cup or plate

Question 22

the only way to tell what specific organism is responsible for mastitis is to dianose via

Answer 22

milk culture

Question 23

what normal milk looks like on a California mastitis test (CMT)

Answer 23

milky in color (not transpaent), should slide down plastic

Question 24

how to treat strep ag mastitis

Answer 24

antibiotics (v sensitive to)

Question 25

how to treat staph aureus mastitis

Answer 25

best if treated suring dry period (2 months before calving) using multiple antibiotics (v drug resistant)

Question 26

how to treat environmental pathogens mastitis

Answer 26

(systemically ill) rigorus treatment of fluids, fever reducer, analgesia, etc.

Question 27

up to 70% of mastitis cases are caused by

Answer 27

milker method

Question 28

major contributors of masitis prevention

Answer 28

milker method, preventing machine malfunctions, cow conformation, cleanliness of environment

Question 29

milking process

Answer 29

remove excess dirt, wash teat and dry w individual towels (2 towels per animal) use strip cup milk for 6-8 min dip teats in antiseptic solution

Question 30

should you milk mastitis cows first or last?

Answer 30

last

Question 31

what we give cows at last milking before dry period

Answer 31

"dry treatment" (an antibiotic placed in quarters)

Question 32

why antibiotics cant be in milk

Answer 32

can cause allergic rxns in customers or lead to development of antibiotic resistance in ppl

Question 33

why anitbiotic milk cant be used for other dairy products

Answer 33

any baceria added would die

Question 34

what happens if an antibiotic is perscribed to a cow that is unapproved for dairy industry

Answer 34

must be monitored by veterinarian (extra-label use), must calculate withholding time that would normally be on package

Question 35

why you should withhold all milk even if only one teat is affected

Answer 35

antibiotic could be in bloodstream