Vaccines And Vaccinations Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

When to not vaccinate an animal

A

Sick, during disease outbreak, newborns (immature IS may not mount a response. Maternal AB’s may denature/ deactivate vaccine)

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2
Q

Antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease

A

Vaccine

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3
Q

Live modified vaccine contains

A

Weakened antigen that still have some receptors so Ab will be produced

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4
Q

What does a “killed” vaccine contain

A

A killed antigen that remains similar to original (adjuvant May be added)

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5
Q

Most rabies vaccines are what kind of vaccine

A

Killed

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6
Q

What is an adjuvant

A

Something added to a vaccine to increase immunogenicity (increases ability to stimulate IS/ be recognized as foreign)

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7
Q

An adjuvant May slow the release of antigens into the body which does what

A

Increase the time for immune system to recognize

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8
Q

Some adjuvants contain an irritant which

A

Increased immunogenicity

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9
Q

Example of adjuvant that causes slow absorption

A

Oil based adjuvant

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10
Q

Disadvantages of a live vaccine

A

May be virulent, shorter storage life

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11
Q

Disadvantages of killed vaccine

A

Adjuvant often needed, shorter immunity

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12
Q

Which is more likely to cause disease; killed or live vaccine

A

Live

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13
Q

Which provides longer immunity; live or killed vaccine

A

Live

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14
Q

What does a subunit/ acellular vaccine contain

A

Only the antigenic portion (receptor sites)

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15
Q

What toxoid vaccines do

A

Protect against toxins produced by certain pathogens (toxins would cause disease not the bacteria itself)

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16
Q

The bacteria clostridium tetani causes this disease via toxins

17
Q

how a toxoid vaccine is created

A

-toxoid is denatured, will produce active artificial immunity

18
Q

How an antitoxin is created

A

Preparation of antibodies made against toxin, form of passive artificial immunity (immediate protection)

19
Q

When would an antitoxin be used

A

When immediate action is needed Bc a toxoid vaccine wasn’t given ahead of time (ex: horse didn’t get toxoid vaccine for tetanus, steps on nail)

20
Q

Define a monovalent vaccine

A

Only protects against 1 organism

21
Q

Define a multivalent vaccine

A

Protects against several organisms

22
Q

What is an autogenous bacterin vaccine

A

Produced for a certain disease

23
Q

What age small animals start vaccines

24
Q

What age livestock usually start vaccines

A

6 months (when maternal ABs go away)

25
What vaccinating a dam in late gestation will do
Cause AB levels in colostrum to increase
26
examples of apparent vaccine failure
Animal was already incubating the disease while the vaccine was given or Animal is immune compromised
27
Examples of situations that would cause real vaccine failure
Improper handling, storage, or administration of vaccine