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Animal Origins Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

All members of the kingdom Animalia are believed to have evolved from a ______________ ancestor

A

common flagellated protist

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2
Q

The ____________ made possible the complex, multicellular body plan of animals

A

specialization of cells

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3
Q

Animals obtain their food—complex organic molecules—by _____________ of energy

A

active expenditure

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4
Q

______________,____________, & _____________ support similar animal phylogenies

A

Morphological, developmental, and molecular data

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5
Q

An ______________ is correlated with its ability to move

A

animal’s body cavity

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6
Q

Based on this, animals are classified as ____________ or ____________

A

acoelomates or coelomates

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7
Q

what is Acoelomate?

A

no body cavity

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8
Q

what is Pseudocoelomate?

A

cavity with muscle (mesoderm) only on outside

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9
Q

what is Coelomate?

A

cavity lined with peritoneum (mesoderm)

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10
Q

what is a gut?

A

digestive tract

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11
Q

What are the 2 major bilateral animal lineages?

A

protostomes and deuterostomes

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12
Q

Most animals have _________ or __________ symmetry

A

radial or bilateral

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13
Q

Radially symmetrical animals move ____________

A

slowly, if at all

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14
Q

Those with bilateral symmetry have _________, __________ concentrated at one end, and _____________

A

more rapid movements; neural tissue; sensory organs

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15
Q

What is the sponges phylum?

A

porifera

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16
Q

Sponges are simple animals that lack _________ and _________, but have several __________.

A

cell layers; body symmetry; cell types

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17
Q

Sponges feed via __________

A

choanocytes

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18
Q

What is choanocytes?

A

feeding cells that filter out small organisms and nutrients

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19
Q

In a sponge, what is Spicules?

A

skeletal elements

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20
Q

In a sponge, what are the pores called?

A

Pores called ostia

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21
Q

In a sponge, what is and what does the osculum do?

A

Osculum: large opening where water exits

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22
Q

What phylum are the jellyfish in?

A

Cnidarians

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23
Q

jellyfish are________ symmetrical

A

radially

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24
Q

How many cell layers do jellyfish have?

A

two cell layers

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25
In jellyfish, what are the sting cells called and what do they do?
nematocyte; studded tentacles to capture prey larger and more complex than themselves
26
What kind of gut do jellyfish have?
Incomplete gut
27
What are the 2 stages of jellyfish and what do they do?
Polyp - where the jellyfish is born at Medusa - the jellyfish itself
28
What are the different Cnidarian classes?
Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Class Cubozoa
29
What are some examples of Hydrozoa?
freshwater Hydra and marine Portugese Man-of-War
30
What are some examples of Scyphozoa?
marine; includes jellyfish
31
What are some examples of Anthozoa?
marine; includes most corals and sea anemones
32
What are some examples of Cubozoa?
marine box jellies, sea wasps
33
Common ancestors of bilateral animals were probably simple, bilaterally symmetrical animals composed of ______________
flattened masses of cells
34
When did the Protostomes and Deuterostomes spilt?
Split during Cambrian period
35
Protostomes have a ___________ system, __________ cords, and larvae with __________ cilia
ventral nervous; paired nerve; compound
36
Deuterostomes have a ___________ system and larvae with _________ cilia
dorsal nervous; single
37
Protostomes split into two major clades and what are they?
lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans
38
Some Lophotrochozoans have lophophore, what is that?
special feeding structure of ciliated tentacles that rings mouth; suspension feeding
39
Some Lophotrochozoans have a special larval stage called?
trochophore
40
Growth of lophotrochozoans is ________
incremental (do not molt)
41
Lophotrochozoans: Phylum ________ (Starts with a R)
Rotifera
42
Rotifers No larger than many ciliated __________ highly developed ______________
protists; internal organs
43
Rotifer have what type of gut?
Complete gut
44
Lophotrochozoans: Phylum ______________ (Starts with a P)
Platyhelminthes
45
Platyhelminthes are what type of worm?
Flat worms
46
Platyhelminthes have ____ body cavity
no
47
Platyhelminthes have ____________ for oxygen transport
no organs
48
Platyhelminthes have a __________ gut
incomplete
49
How do Platyhelminthes move?
By cilia
50
Many species of Platyhelminthes are _________
parasitic
51
What are examples of Platyhelminthes
Chinese liver fluke and tapeworm
52
With in Protostomes, members of several phyla have _______________ forms
wormlike body
53
Phylum __________ have a diverse group of segmented worms that live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments
Annelida
54
What are the 3 classes of phylum Annelida?
Class Oligochaeta Class Polychaeta Class Hirudinea
55
Class Oligochaeta: ________________ soil; ___________
freshwater or moist; earthworms
56
Class Polychaeta: _________ with fleshy __________ that extend from body __________
marine worms; parapodia; segments
57
Class Hirudinea: free-living or parasitic ___________
leeches
58
Phylum _________ evolved from _______ ancestors
Mollusca; segmented
59
What are the 3 basic components of a mollusca?
foot, mantle, and visceral mass
60
In Mollusc, Many species have a radula. What is a radula?
a rasping organ used in feeding
61
In mollusc, Most have shells secreted by the ________; some shells are reduced and/or internal
mantle
62
What are the classes of mollusc?
Chitons Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods
63
Chitons have __________ shells
segmented
64
Bivalves two _________
hinged
65
What are examples of Bivalves?
clams, oysters, scallops, mussels
66
What are examples of gastropods?
snails & slugs; whelks & conchs; marine nudibranchs (“sea slugs”)
67
What are examples of Cephalopods?
squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus

Biology (15 decks)

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