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Biology > Plants Form and Functions > Flashcards

Plants Form and Functions Flashcards

1
Q

What do monocots plants have?

A

Single cotyledon
Narrow leaves with parallel veins
Flower parts in 3 or multiples of three
Stems with scattered vascular bundles

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2
Q

What do eudicots plants typically have

A

two cotyledons
broad leaves with netlike veins
flower parts in fours or fives
stem vascular bundles in a ring

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3
Q

What are the Vegetative organs of flowering plants?

A

Roots, stems, and leaves

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4
Q

What system does the roots make?

A

Root system

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5
Q

What system does the stems and leaves makes?

A

Shoot system

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6
Q

_______ anchor the plant and take up water and minerals

A

Roots

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7
Q

Stems bear _____ and ______

A

leaves; buds

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8
Q

________ buds form branches

A

Lateral

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9
Q

___________ (__________) produce cells that contribute to stem elongation

A

Apical buds (at tip ends)

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10
Q

_________ are responsible for most photosynthesis

A

Leaves

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11
Q

Their flat blades are usually oriented ___________ to the sun’s rays

A

perpendicular

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12
Q

_________: single blade leaf

A

Simple

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13
Q

_________: separate leaflets in one leaf

A

Compound

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14
Q

Each plant cell has a __________, and sometimes a ___________, cell wall (cellulose)

A

primary; secondary

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15
Q

Adjacent plant cells are connected by _____________ extending through both cell walls

A

plasmodesmata

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16
Q

__________ passes between plant cells through the plasmodesmata

A

Material

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17
Q

What are the 3 different plant ground tissues?

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma

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18
Q

__________ cells have thin walls

A

Parenchyma

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19
Q

In Parenchyma cells, store ______ or _______; some others carry out photosynthesis

A

starch; lipids

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20
Q

__________ cells provide flexible support

A

Collenchyma

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21
Q

In Collenchyma cell wall usually have __________ at corners

A

thickened

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22
Q

celery “strings” contain many ___________ fibers

A

collenchyma

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23
Q

__________ cells provide strength, and are often dead

A

Sclerenchyma

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24
Q

In Sclerenchyma, very thick secondary walls with ______ (rigid), in addition to ___________

A

lignin; cellulose

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25
Q

What are the 2 types of Sclerenchyma cells and where can they be found at?

A

Elongated fibers (tree bark) and Irregular-shaped sclereids (pears)

26
Q

_______ _______ transports materials throughout plant

A

Vascular tissue

27
Q

What are the 2 categories of vascular tissue?

A

xylem and phloem

28
Q

What do xylem transport?

A

water & dissolved minerals

29
Q

What do phloem transport?

A

photosynthetic products, e.g. sugars

30
Q

Xylem cells called _______ and _______

A

tracheids and vessel elements

31
Q

Xylem conduct water and minerals after the _____

A

cells die

31
Q

Phloem cells: function when ______

A

alive (unlike xylem)

32
Q

_____ members are the conducting cells; perforated ends called sieve plates in phloem tissue

A

Sieve tube

33
Q

Their activities are often controlled by ________ _______ in phloem tissue

A

companion cells

34
Q

What are the 3 types of plant tissues?

A

Vascular tissue, dermal tissue, and ground tissue

35
Q

What does vascular tissue do?

A

system conducts water, minerals, and the products of photosynthesis

36
Q

What does dermal tissue do?

A

system protects the body surface

37
Q

What does ground tissue do?

A

system produces and stores food materials and performs other functions

38
Q

_________ are localized regions of cell division in plants

A

Meristems

39
Q

In animals, ______ can and do divide anywhere in body

A

cells

40
Q

A _________ __ ________ generates the plant body

A

hierarchy of meristems

41
Q

____________ at the tips of stems and roots produce the primary growth of those organs

A

Apical meristems

42
Q

What is the primary growth of a plant?

A

Increase in lenght

43
Q

What are the three primary tissues daughter cells from apical meristem?

A

dermal, ground and vascular

44
Q

What are the three overlapping zone in root tips?

A

zones of cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation (maturation)

45
Q

What is secondary growth in plants?

A

Growth of diameter

46
Q

What are the 2 lateral meristems that are responsible for secondary growth?

A

vascular cambium and cork cambium

47
Q

The dermal tissue system consists of the ________

A

epidermis

48
Q

What is the purpose for the root hairs?

A

root hairs responsible for absorbing water and minerals

49
Q

________ root: vascular tissue in a ring with a central pith region

A

Monocot

50
Q

________ root: vascular tissue forms a central stele; xylem cells often form a ‘cross’ or ‘X’ shape

A

Eudicot

51
Q

_________ & _______ stems contain vascular bundles

A

Monocot and dicot

52
Q

__________: vascular bundles scattered throughout stems

A

Monocots

53
Q

________: vascular bundles in a steam are arranged in a ring (cylinder)

A

Dicots

54
Q

In eudicot stems and roots with secondary growth, vascular and cork cambia give rise to secondary _______ & ________

A

xylem and phloem

55
Q

As secondary growth continues, _______ & _______ are produced

A

wood and bark

56
Q

Wood: mostly old secondary ________

A

xylem

57
Q

________ is the photosynthetic tissue of a leaf

A

Mesophyll

58
Q

What does veins (vascular bundles) do in a leaf?

A

bring water and minerals to the mesophyll
carry products of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant body

59
Q

A ____________ prevents water loss from the leaf, but is impermeable to carbon dioxide

A

waxy cuticle

60
Q

_____________ control opening of stomata (s. stoma), leaf openings that allow CO2 to enter but also water to escape

A

Guard cells

61
Q

What causes the stomata to open can closed?

A

Water

Biology (15 decks)

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