Fungi

Question 1

Fungi ____________ in the biosphere

Answer 1

degrade dead organic matter

Question 2

Fungi are __________ of almost all vascular plants

Answer 2

nutritional partners

Question 3

Some fungi are serious ________ of plants and animals

Answer 3

pathogens

Question 4

Fungi are ____________ with absorptive nutrition.

Answer 4

heterotrophic eukaryotes

Question 4

Fungi can be _____, _______, _______

Answer 4

saprobes, parasites, or mutualists

Question 5

What are saprobes?

Answer 5

obtains carbon & energy from dead organic matter

Question 6

Some fungi called yeasts are ____________

Answer 6

unicellular

Question 7

Other fungi are composed of _________-walled, multinucleate hyphae, often massed to form a _______

Answer 7

chitinous; hyphae; mycelium

Question 8

Filamentous_________ give fungi a large surface area–to–volume ratio

Answer 8

hyphae

Question 9

The hyphae usually have incomplete partitions called what?

Answer 9

s. septum; pl. septa

Question 10

The hyphae usually have incomplete partitions that __________ them into separate cells.

Answer 10

do not divide

Question 11

Fungi reproduce asexually by means of what? (4 ways)

Answer 11

spores
conidia
budding
fragmentation

Question 12

In fungi, where do the spores form at?

Answer 12

spores formed within sporangia

Question 13

In fungi, where does the conidia formed at?

Answer 13

conidia formed at the tips of hyphae

Question 14

Fungi reproduce sexually when ___________________ meet and fuse

Answer 14

hyphae or motile cells of different mating types

Question 15

In addition to haploid and diploid states, many fungi demonstrate a third nuclear condition: the _______________.

Answer 15

heterokaryotic state

Question 16

What is the heterokaryotic state in fungi?

Answer 16

cell containing two genetically different nuclei; n + n

Question 17

Kingdom Fungi phyla include? (4)

Answer 17

Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota

Question 18

How do the fungi phyla differ?

Answer 18

reproductive structure mechanisms of spore formation
presence and form of septa in their hyphae.

Question 19

Phylum Chytridiomycota
Chytrids, with flagellated ______________
Aquatic; _________ or saprobes

Answer 19

spores and gametes
parasites

Question 20

How do Zygomycota reproduce?

Answer 20

asexually and/or sexually, by fusion of gametangia

Question 21

What is the reproductive structure of Ascomycota and what does it contain?

Answer 21

The sexual reproductive structure of ascomycetes is an ascus containing ascospores.

Question 22

What are the most popular Ascomycota?

Answer 22

Yeast and Penicillium

Question 23

Some Ascomycota are lichen-formers
Others called ______________ fungi

Answer 23

“sac” or “cup”

Question 24

What some other Ascomycota?

Answer 24

Some ascomycetes form large multicellular fruiting bodies
Edible morels
Cup fungi

Question 25

What is the reproductive structure of Basidiomycota and what does it contain?

Answer 25

The sexual reproductive structure of basidiomycetes is a basidium, a swollen cell bearing basidiospores.

Question 26

Where is the basidia located in a Basidiomycota fungi?

Answer 26

basidia located on gills of mushroom

Question 27

What are the different types of Basidiomycota?

Answer 27

bracket or shelf fungi
Puffballs

Question 28

“mushroom” is _____________; most of the fungus is _________________________ organism

Answer 28

reproductive structure; underground or in decaying

Question 29

_____________, associations of fungi with plant roots, enhance the ability of the roots to absorb water and nutrients.

Answer 29

Mycorrhizae

Question 30

__________ are mutualistic combinations of a fungus (e.g. an ascomycete) with a cyanobacterium or a green alga

Answer 30

Lichens

Question 31

Lichens: 3 body forms

Answer 31

Crustose
Foliose
Fruticose

Question 32

Crustose is what?

Answer 32

crustlike

Question 33

Foliose is what?

Answer 33

leafy

Question 34

Fruticose is what?

Answer 34

shrubby