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Revision > ankle and foot > Flashcards

ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

function of ankle joint

A

supports base

shock absorbs

provides rigid level for push off

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2
Q

namer the bony prominences of the fibula and tibia

A

lateral and medial condyle

head of fibula

tibial tuberosity

fibula

tibia

fibular notch

lateral malleolus

medial malleolus

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3
Q

describe the distal tibia and its articulation

A

distal end is shaped like a rectangular box with the bony protuberance the medial malleolus

inferior surface of tibia articulates with talus to form part of the ankle joint

inferior surface continues medially as the malleolar articular surface, lateral surface articulates with ITFJ

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4
Q

describe distal fibula and its articulation

A

bony protuberance on lateral side of fibula form the lateral malleolus

medial surface of lateral malleolus bears facet for articulation with talus

fibula notch at distal end of tibia is convex

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5
Q

describe the superior tibia-fibular joint

A

synovial plane joint

articulation: head of fibula, lateral tibial condyle capsule around joint margins

movements are small rotational during ankle DF and PF

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6
Q

Describe the interosseous membrane

A

tough fibrous sheet of connective tissue

provides attachments for muscles

spans across fibula and tibia

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7
Q

describe inferior tibio-fibular joint

A

fibroussyndesmosis

medial aspect of fibula and fibular notch on lateral aspect of tibia

slight rotation during DF

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8
Q

what can cause masionneuve fracture

A

excessive ankle rotation stresses and ruptures interosseus ligament and membrane

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9
Q

describe the talus and how it creates stable locking mechanism

A

it is situated above calcaneus

head and neck directed forward and medially

body is wedged shaped and lies between the malleoli

superior surface is wider anteriorly and that how it creates the stable locking mechanism in dorsiflexion-prevents posterior displacement

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10
Q

describe body of talus

A

3 articulations- tibia, malleoli

superior facet
medial facet
lateral facet

convex anterior to posterior concave from side to side

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11
Q

describe ankle joint

A

Talocrural Joint is a synovial hinge joint, capable of one degree of freedom.
The bones contributing to this joint are the tibia, fibula and talus. The fibula is positioned laterally to tibia and superolaterally from the talus. The tibia is superior to the talus, and is medial the fibula. The talus is inferior to both the tibia and fibula.
It attaches by its apex, to the borders and apex of the medial malleolus (1). Has a thick broad base which attaches from the navicular anteriorly (1) to the talus posteriorly (1).
The movements that occur at this joint are Dorsiflexion (1) and Plantarflexion (1)

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12
Q

describe the calcaneus

A

largest tarsus bone

sustentaculum tali medial shelf to support head of talus

posterior surface roughened for attachment of tendocalcaneus

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13
Q

describe the subtalarr joint

A

synovial saddle joint
distal to ankle joint where talus articulates with calcaneus

movements: inversion and eversion

supported by talocalcnean ligaments, medial posterior and lateral

stabilised by interosseous talocalcanean ligament

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14
Q

describe navicular

A

anterior to head of talus and medial malleolus

medial tuberosity

concave posteriorly articulates with head of talus

3 anterior facets for 3 cuniforms

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15
Q

describe mid tarsal joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint ‘s’ shaped

talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid

sub-talar produces inversion+eversion combined with mid tarsal produces pronation and supination

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16
Q

what are the joint within the toes

A

TMT- synovial plane
MTP- synovial ellipsoid/ 2 degrees flex/ex/ad/ad
PIP and DIP synovial hinge/flex/ex

17
Q

what are the medial deltoid collateral ligaments

A 
tibia-navicular
tibio-calcaneal
anterior tibio-talar part
posterior tibio-talar part 
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
18
Q

what are the lateral ligaments of ankle

A

posterior talofibular
anteriortalofibular
calcaneofibular

19
Q

describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint

anterior navicular

laterally calcaneocuboid ligament and calcanenavicular ligament

medially= plantarcalcanenavicular

20
Q

describe calcaneocuboid joint

A

synovial saddle joint

between calcaneus and cuboid and both ligaments of bifurcate

21
Q

short plantar ligament attachment

A

plantar aspect of calcaneus

plantar aspect of cuboid

22
Q

long plantar ligament

A

longest ligament between tarsal bones

covers plantar surface of calcaneus

attaches posteriorly to plantar surface of calcaneus between anterior and posterior tubercles

passes forwards to cuboid and base of lateral 4 metatarsals

23
Q

how is a foot a great level

A

the calcaneum is longer and forms a powerful propulsion

24
Q

what are the arches of the foot

A

medial longitudinal

lateral longitudinal

transverse longitudinal

25
Q

what are the factors maintaining arches

A

bony configuration

strong ligaments

muscle tone

26
Q

bones forming medial longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus

navicular

medial cuniform

first metatarsal

27
Q

what is a keystone

A

when a bone is larger on top so can’t slip through so talus is a wedge and can’t fall between navicular and cuniform

28
Q

ligaments of medial longitudinal arch

A

plantar calcaneonavicular
long plantar
short plantar
plantar aponeurosis

29
Q

dynamic arch support

A

tibialis anterior and posterior and flexor haluucis longs hold up In flexion the sustentaculum tali

30
Q

bones forming lateral longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus
cuboid
with metatarsal

31
Q

ligaments lateral longitudinal arch

A

long plantar
short plantar
plantar calcaneonavicular

32
Q

what 2 muscles holds up lateral longitudinal arch

A

peroneus longus and brevis

33
Q

bones forming transverse arch

A

cuniforms and cuboid

34
Q

ligaments of transverse arch

A

deep transverse ligaments

35
Q

muscles holding up medial longitudinal arch

A

tibias anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus

Revision (18 decks)

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