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Revision > Thoracic spine > Flashcards

Thoracic spine Flashcards

1
Q

list the main structures in the thoracic region

A

vertebral column, ribs, intercostal spaces, costal cartilages sternum

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2
Q

what is the function in the thoracic cage

A

protect vital organs, provide muscle attachments and assist is respiration

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3
Q

how many vertebrae in the thoracic region

A

12 alongside sternum and 12 pairs of ribs

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4
Q

list the features of a typical thoracic vertebrae

A

vertebral body, pedicles, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, transverse foramen, articular processes, costal facets

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5
Q

describe the articulations of atypical T1

A

articulates with a single facet of its own rib

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6
Q

what to T10 and T11 lack

A

inferior demi facets on their bodies

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7
Q

What do T11 and 12 lack and what do they only articulate with

A

lack transverse costal facets, articulate only with heads of their own ribs

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8
Q

what is the rule of three

A

1-3 SP and TP equal, 4-6 SP 1/2 level below TP, S7-9 SP 1 level below TP, 10 is one level below, 11 1/2 level below, 12 equal

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9
Q

list the points of relation

A 
C2= prominent 
C6= disappears
C7= vertebrae prominens  
T3= root of spine of scapula
T7= inferior angle of scapula
L4= iliac crest
S2= PSIS
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10
Q

list the types of ribs and how many

A

true ribs (7 upper), false ribs (remaining 5 pairs), floating ribs (11 and 12)

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11
Q

what are costal cartilages

A

bars of hyaline cartilage that prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax

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12
Q

list features of a typical rib

A

3-9, head, neck, crest, tubercle, shaft

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13
Q

list the features and attachments of first rib

A

head, neck, tubercle, scalene tubercle, 2 grooves (subclavian artery groove and subclavian vein groove) and upper surface, rib is flat and slopes inferiorly and attaches to manubrium

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14
Q

describe second rib

A

like rib 1 but twice as long

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15
Q

what type of joint is intervertebral

A

secondary symphysis cartilage

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16
Q

what type of joint is the zygophophyseal (facet) and what are its articulations

A

synovial plane joint
vertically orientated oval facets covered in hyaline articular cartilage inferior facets project anteriorly to articulate with the posterior facing superior facets

17
Q

what type of joint is the costovertebral, joint type and articulations

A

synovial plane joint

head of rib convex articulates with costal facets of corresponding vertebrae

18
Q

list the types of costotransverse joints and articulations

A

synovial plane joint (synchondrosis)
The articulations of the necks and tubercles of the ribs with the transverse processes of their corresponding thoracic vertebra are the costotransverse joints.

19
Q

what type of joint is the costochondral, joint type and articulations

A

primary cartilaginous joint

lateral end of costal cartilage and sternal end of the rib

20
Q

what type of joint is the interchondral, joint type and articulations

A

synovial plane joint
Interchondral joints are synovial joints between the tips of adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 6-10 (9-10 fibrous). The tips of the costal cartilages contain small oblong facets that articulate with each other and form a joint enclosed by an articular capsule.

21
Q

what type of joint is the sternocostal, joint type and articulations

A

rib 1 is manubrium joint is fibrocartilaginous
synovial plane joint 2-7 ribs
articulation is Sternal ends of costal cartilages of the true ribs, costal notches on sternum

22
Q

list the joint type and articulations for the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

the sternal end of the clavical articulates with the 1st costal cartilage of the 1st rib manubrium sterni concave

23
Q

list the joint type and articulations for the manubriosternal joint

A

symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)

inferior border of the manubrium and the superior border of the sternal body

24
Q

list the joint type and articulations for the xiphisternal

A

synchondrosis

body of the sternum and the xiphoid process meet

25
Q

which muscles produce trunk flexion

A

rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques

26
Q

which muscles produce ipsilateral trunk side flexion

A 
external obliques
internal obliques
rectus abdominis
quadratus lumborum (lumbar side flexion) 
erector spinae
27
Q

which muscles produce ipsilateral trunk rotation

A

internal obliques

erector spinae

28
Q

which muscles produce contralateral trunk roatation

A

external obliques

rectus abdominis

29
Q

which muscles produce posterior pelvic tilt

A

external obliques
internal obliques
rectus abdominis

Revision (18 decks)

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