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ANNELIDA Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

*Bilateral symmetry
*Body metamerically segmented
Chitinous setae (bristles) often present on parapodia
* Digestive system complete
* Respiratory gas exchange through skin, gills or parapodia
*Closed circulatory system
* Excretory system typically a pair of nephridia for each segment

A

ANNELIDA

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2
Q

exhibiting segmentation
allowed much greater complexity in structure and function

A

metamerism

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3
Q

*Coelom well developed and divided by septa
(except in leeches); coelomic fluid functions as
hydrostatic skeleton

A

ANNELIDA

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4
Q

develops embryonically as a split in the mesoderm on each side of the gut (schizocoelomate)

A

Coelom

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5
Q
  • Body wall with outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers
  • Transparent moist cuticle secreted by epithelium
  • Hermaphroditic or separate sexes
A

ANNELIDA

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6
Q

Body segments marked by circular grooves called

A

annuli

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7
Q

Found in arthropods, probably homologous with annelids, and in vertebrates, where it evolved independently

A

Metamerism

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8
Q

Tiny chitinous bristles called
⚬ Absent in leeches

A

Setae

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9
Q

Prevent it from slipping backward

A

Short setae

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10
Q

help aquatic worms swim

A

Long setae

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11
Q

type of setae that anchor segments in earthworms

A

⚬ Short setae

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12
Q

Head is composed of

A

￭ Prostomium
￭ Perstonium

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13
Q

Terminal portion bearing the anus is the

A

pygidium

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14
Q

are not considered metameres

A

Head and pygidium

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15
Q

Coelom of annelida is composed of Gut and longitudinal blood vessels extending through the septa

A
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16
Q

lines body wall and forms dorsal and ventral mesenteries

A

Peritoneum (mesodermal epithelium)

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17
Q

Peritonea of adjacent segments meet to form
the

A

septa

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18
Q

coelom is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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19
Q

leeche dont have coelom is filled with fluid

A

true

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20
Q

Fluid volume needs to

A

remains constant

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21
Q

Causes body to shorten and expand

A

Contraction of longitudinal muscles

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22
Q

Causes body to narrow and lengthen

A

Contraction of circular muscles

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23
Q

Phylum Annelida3 classes

A

⚬ Class Polychaeta
⚬ Class Oligochaeta
⚬ Class Hirudinida

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24
Q

Polychaeta is a paraphyletic class

A

true

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25
Oligochaeta and Hirudinidaform a monophyletic group called
Clitellata
26
Some now consider to be an annelid class containing oligochaetes and leeches as orders
Clitellata
27
* Largest class of annelids *Important part of marine food chains * Well-differentiated head with sense organs *parapodia *No clitellum * Many setae arranged in bundles on parapodia
Class Polychaeta
28
* Paired appendages called ____ on most segments in Class Polychaeta Many setae arranged in bundles on
parapodia
29
* Sedentary polychaetes mainly tube
- living
30
* Errant polychaetes may be free
- moving, burrowing, or crawling
31
Often bears eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps
Prostomium
32
Prostomium may or may not be retractile
Class Polychaeta
33
Class Polychaeta Ciliary feeders may bear a _____ that opens like a fan but can be withdrawn into the tube
tentacular crown
34
Class Polychaeta Most segments of trunk bear ____ with lobes, cirri, setae, and other parts Aid crawling, swimming, and anchor worm in a tube
parapodia
35
⚬ Most have parapodia and gills for gaseous exchange ⚬ Excretory organs vary, from protonephridia to metanephridia, and mixed forms ⚬ Polychaetes have no permanent sex organs ⚬ Monoecious
Class Polychaeta
36
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Errant polychaetes ⚬ Live in mucus-lined burrows near low tide level ⚬ Come out of hiding places at night to search for food
Clam Worms: Nereis
37
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Prostomium bears a pair of palps sensitive to touch and taste, a pair of short sensory tentacles, and two small dorsal eyes sensitive to light ⚬ Peristomium has a ventral mouth, a pair of jaws, and four pairs of sensory tentacles
Clam Worms: Nereis
38
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Belong to the family Polynoidae ⚬ Flattened bodies are covered with broad scales ⚬ Some are large, all are carnivores and some are commensals in burrows of other organisms
Scale worms
39
Class Polychaeta Have hollow, brittle setae that contain poisonous secretions Feed on cnidarians
Fireworms
40
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Unfurl tentacular crowns to feed ⚬ Food moved from radioles to mouth by ciliary action
Fanworms
41
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Tube-dwellers ⚬ May line their burrows with mucus ⚬ Use cilia or mucus to obtain food
Tubeworms
42
Class Polychaeta ⚬ Lives in a U-shaped tube ⚬ Modified segments pump water through tube
Parchment Worms
43
Class Oligochaeta * Few are marine or parasitic *Nearly all bear setae ⚬ Fewer in number than in polychaetes * Lack parapodia and have few setae * Lack the distinctive head region of polychaetes and have no eyes. * Scavengers that consume soil that contains organic matter
Earthworm
44
Class Oligochaeta * The ingested soil moves into a storage chamber called the crop, then to an area called the gizzard, where grinding action breaks down the soil particles. * Undigested material passes out the anus ina form called castings, which are prized as soil fertilizer.
Earthworm
45
Earthworms Sometimes called
“night crawlers”
46
Earthworms Reproduction
copulation takes place at night when there is warmth and increase moisture. Fertilization is internal within the cocoon. * Direct development, no larvae. * Young worms lack clitellum.
47
transport Eggs where they are discharged by ovaries into coelomic cavity in earthworms
Ciliated funnels
48
Two pairs of seminal receptacles receive and store sperm in earthworms
true
49
Earthworm Sperm produced by testes mature in seminal vesicles and pass into _______
sperm ducts
50
Clitellata Divided into 3 orders
Leeches
51
order of ‘true” leeches
Hirudinea
52
⚬ Mostly freshwater, some marine or terrestrial ⚬ Dorsoventrally flattened ⚬ Usually both anterior and posterior sucker ⚬ No parapodia ⚬ Usually no setae ⚬ Feed on body juices of prey Hermaphroditic
Hirudinea
53
Leeches have Fixed number of __ segments
34
54
￭ Have a muscular pharynx and three jaws with teeth
Hirudinea
55
appears only during breeding season in leeches
Clitellum
56
Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion ⚬ Some fish leeches have
gills
57
⚬ All other leeches exchange gases across ________
epidermis
58
Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion ⚬______pairs of nephridia
10 to 17
59
Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion ⚬ Coelomocytes and other special cells may assist in excretion
true
60
Molluscs and annelids share many developmental features so are presumed to be closely related
true
61
shared features of Molluscs and annelids are likely to be a retained ancestral feature for __________
lophotrochozoan protostomes
62
Evolutionary Significance of Metamerism
No satisfactory explanation
63
Coelom may have been advantageous as a
hydrostatic skeleton
64
Coelomic fluid would have acted as a circulatory fluid and reduce need for______ everywhere
flame cells
65
Coelom could store gametes for _______ Would require nervous and endocrine control
timed release
66
Unlikely that segmentation is homologous among annelids, arthropods, and chordates
true
67
Current evidence supports the hypothesis that segmentation arose independently multiple times
true
68
are constrained by terrestrial soil environment
Class Oligochaetes
69
inhabit a wide range of habitats
Class Polychaetes
70
Septal arrangement with fluid-filled compartments has been varied for____
precise movements
71
Feeding adaptations vary widely, from
chitinous jaws to specialized tentacles
72
Leeches have developed both parasitic and predatory adaptations
true

SYSTEMATICS (12 decks)

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