Annelida

Question 1

What does the Phylum Annelida contain

Answer 1

Segmented worms living in marine, freshwater, and moist terrestrial habitats

Question 2

How many species are there in Phylum Annelida

Answer 2

15, 000

Question 3

The body divided into a serial succession of repeated units

Answer 3

Segmentation/Metamerism

Question 4

What are the five significances of Segmentation/Metamerism?

Answer 4

• independently evolved -greater complexity in structure and function
• Burrowing efficiency
• Fine control –nervous system
• Redundancy –safety

Question 5

external circular grooves delimiting body segments

Answer 5

Annuli

Question 6

What is Septa (partition)

Answer 6

internal delimitation of body segments

Question 7

Function of the Head

Answer 7

Sensory and feeding

Question 8

What are the two parts of the head and where are they found

Answer 8

Prostomium: anterior most region of the body, anterior to the mouth

Peristomium: pre-segmental region of the body surrounding the mouth.

Question 9

What does the nervous system in Annelida contain?

Answer 9

double ventral nerve cord and a pair of ganglia with lateral nerves in each segment;
brain a pair of dorsal cerebral ganglion with connections to ventral nerve cord

Question 10

What system has tactile organs, taste buds, statocysts (in some), photoreceptor cells, and eyes with lenses (in some)

Answer 10

Sensory

Question 11

What is coelom filled with fluid (except for leeches)

Answer 11

The Hydrostatic skeleton

Question 12

The Hydrostatic skeleton does what?

Answer 12

• Fluid volume constant
• Contraction of longitudinal muscles shorten and expand the body
• Contraction of circular muscles narrow and lengthen the body
• Alternate waves of contraction, or peristalsis, allow efficient burrowing
• Swimming annelids use undulatory movements

Question 13

Do Oligochaetes & Polychaetes have an open or closed circulatory system

Answer 13

closed

Question 14

dorsal vessels carry blood

Answer 14

Anteriorly

Question 15

ventral vessels carry blood

Answer 15

Posteriorly

Question 16

What has:
dorsal vessel is contractile
Aortic arches maintain steady pressure in ventral vessel

Answer 16

The heart

Question 17

excretory organs of the adult annelid

Answer 17

Metanephridia

Question 18

Which section of excretion is highly vascularized with a capillary network

Answer 18

Metanephridia

Question 19

• ciliated funnel that draws in coelomic fluid
• opens into segment anterior
  to metanephridium

Answer 19

nephrostome

Question 20

nephridiopore functions

Answer 20

terminal end of metanephridium
- opens to the outside,
eliminated waste
- in some forms, nephridiopores are enteronephric

Question 21

tolerate a wide range of salinity,

Answer 21

Euryhaline

Question 22

What class is:
Largest class of annelids - 10,000 species,
mostly marine and usually benthic
some live in crevices, others inhabit tubes, or are pelagic

Answer 22

Class Polychaeta

Question 23

What was only discovered in 1977. 2 km depth.
Tube worms
Extremophile environment

Answer 23

Deep sea hydrothermal vents

Question 24

Prostomium

Answer 24

retractile or not

Often bears eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps

Question 25

Peristomium

Answer 25

surrounds mouth and may have setae, palps, or chitinous jaws

Question 26

Ciliary feeders may bear a ____ that opens like a fan but can be withdrawn into the tube

Answer 26

tentacular crown

Question 27

2 morphotypes of Polychaeta, what are they

Answer 27

Sedentary-mainly tube-living Errant- may be free-moving, burrowing, or crawling

Question 28

What clade has Earthworms & Leeches | Freshwaters, or terrestrial soils

Answer 28

Clade Clitellata

Question 29

Form reproductive structure called a

Answer 29

clitellum

Question 30

What clade has NO parapodia | Hermaphroditic (monoecious) - with direct development

Answer 30

Clade Clitellata

Question 31

Class Oligochaete occur where?

Answer 31

``` Over 3000 species Occur in habitats from soil to freshwater Few are marine or parasitic Nearly all bear setae Fewer in number than in polychaetes ```

Question 32

Earthworms - sometimes called

Answer 32

“night crawlers”

Question 33

with pores for mucus secretion

Answer 33

Cuticle

Question 34

epithelial cells + mucous, sensory and photoreceptor cells

Answer 34

Epidermis

Question 35

circular muscles

Answer 35

metamere elongation

Question 36

paired chitinous “bristles” to increase traction typically ventro- and dorsolateral

Answer 36

setae

Question 37

Oligochaeta Locomotion | Mechanism:

Answer 37

waves of peristaltic contraction

Question 38

waves of peristaltic contraction is when

Answer 38

Contractions of circular muscles in the anterior end lengthen the body, pushing the anterior end forward where it anchors Anchoring is accomplished by contraction of the longitudinal muscles in forward segments

Question 39

What class is Most freshwater, few marine or live in moist terrestrial environments More common in the tropics Vary in color: black, brown, red, and olive green Most are flattened (dorsoventrally)

Answer 39

Class Hirudinida: Leeches

Question 40

What type of feeding do Hirudinida have

Answer 40

most carnivores feeding on small invertebrates | others - temporary or permanent parasites

Question 41

What usually has a fixed number of segments and why?

Answer 41

Leeches because they Appear to have more due to superficial annuli

Question 42

What do Leeches not have

Answer 42

NO distinct coelomic compartments NO septa Developed suckers for attachment

Question 43

Most leeches are

Answer 43

- predaceous, some parasites, | - Most are fluid feeders that prefer tissue fluids and blood pumped from open wounds

Question 44

have chitinous ‘jaws” and salivary glands

Answer 44

Bloodsucker leeches

Question 45

Leech Locomotion is by

Answer 45

musculature & suckers, looping

Question 46

``` both suckers attached anterior sucker detachment contraction of circular muscles body lengthens anterior sucker attachment circular muscles relax longitudinal muscles contract Posterior sucker is detached dorsal longitudinal relax ventral longitudinal muscles contract - posterior sucker attaches ```

Answer 46

Leech locomotion