Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Animals > Flatworms > Flashcards

Flatworms Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Two major evolutionary advances of flatworms

A

Cephalization

Primary bilateral symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

triploblastic and either acoelomate or pseudocoelomate

A

Flatworms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Which phylum: 
Body flattened dorsoventrally
Triploblastic, 
Acoelomate (atypical !)
Have a cellular ciliated epidermis
A

Phylum Acoelomorpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which systems do Phylum Acoelomorpha not have?

A

NO excretory or respiratory system. Lack protonephridia

-Monoecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the digestive system of Phylum Acoelomorpha have

A

mouth → tube-like pharynx→sack-like gut (incomplete)

No anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In many acoels what are absent and has no

A

the gut and pharynx are absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of digestion does Acoelomorpha have

A

Intracellular digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acoelomorphs lack a

A

true brain, Lack ganglion (mass of nerve cell bodies).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diffuse system of anterior neurons connected to

A

radially arranged nerve cords,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is :
crown of ciliated tentancles.
Efficient feeding device
Used for respiration

A

Lophophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the Trochophore larva do?

A

free swimming, feeding, with ring of large cilated cells in front of mouth (prototroch).
Prototroch used in swimming and feeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In Lophotrochozoan Protostomes members (should) have in common either a

A

Lophophore or Trochophore larva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Platyhelminthes lack a single unique character so they are NOT

A

monophyletic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Class Tubellaria are

A

polyphyletic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the Phylum Platyhelminthes which three classes are parasitic?

A

Trematoda, Monogenean and Cestoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A. Ciliated ventral surface
B. Subtle muscular contraction
C. Dual-gland adhesive organs

A

Locomotion of Turbellaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Locomotion of Turbellaria has what three parts?

A
  1. Paired viscid cells (glands)
    - produce adhesive secretions that
    attach anchor cells to substratum
  2. Anchor cells
    - bear strain of attachment & allow
    subtle muscular contractions to pull the animal forward
    muscular contraction = pedal wave
  3. Releasing cell (gland)
    - secretes chemicals that release anchor cell attachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a Protonephridium

A

an ‘inverted’ flagellated cell (flame cell) sitting in a ‘mesh cup’ (tubule end)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In osmoregulation the fluid is “ultra filtered” and modified and eliminated through what

A

nephridiopores

- Less important role as an excretory system (metabolic waste removal).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The nervous system has degrees of organization from a nerve plexus- how many nerve cords

A

nerve cords (1 – 3 pairs), with connecting nerves (ring commissures) forming a “ladder-type” pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the four parts of the nervous system?

A

Auricle, cerebral ganglion, nerve cord and ring commissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ocelli does what

A

light detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Senses water flow

A

rheoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Statocyst are used for what

A

equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are four characteristics of the class Turbellaria
Mostly free-living forms Most are bottom dwellers in marine or freshwater Freshwater planarians Terrestrial flatworms limited to moist places
26
Carnivorous and detect food by
chemoreceptors
27
Planaria characteristics
-Food trapped in mucous secretions from glands and rhabdites -Wrap themselves around prey Extend the proboscis to suck up bits of food Extracellular digestion completed by intracellular digestion. Incomplete gut.
28
What are the three main classes of parasitic Platyhelminths.
Trematoda (Digenea) Monogenea Cestoidea
29
Most adults in Trematoda are
endoparasites of vertebrates
30
What are four adaptations for parasitism in Trematoda
- Penetration glands - Glands to produce cyst material - Hooks and suckers for adhesion - Increased reproductive capacity
31
Which class has: Most species dorsoventrally flattened Usually leaf shaped Covered by a syncytial tegument
Class Trematode Characteristics
32
Traditionally placed in the Class Trematoda but now forms its own class Mainly ectoparasites simple life cycle. Single host
Monogenean (fish flukes)
33
What is also known as mammal flukes
Digenean Class
34
The digestive system in Digenean adults is
either absent or rudimentary
35
The excretory system in Digenea adults contains
ciliated cells (flame cells= protonephridia) extending into excretory tubules.
36
Most species are hermaphroditic for what
Digenea adults
37
How many stages are there in Digenean life cycle: Parasitic strategies
6
38
The Digenea Life cycle has ___ developmental stages
5
39
Digenea Life cycle has __ or more hosts. And which one is high and low
2. first one is high, the second is low
40
Digenea Life cycle: adulthood is reached only in
definitive* vertebrate host definitive host is where sexual reproduction occurs
41
Digenea Location: Adults- Larvae- parasitic forms-
Adults- usually parasites of vertebrate animals Larvae-may be free-living or infect vertebrates or invertebrates. parasitic forms- enter their hosts via the digestive system or by penetration of the skin.
42
Schistosome (blood flukes) are found in? and are agents of ____? they have separate sexes
Found in veins, intestine and urinary bladder Causative agents of schistosomiasis
43
What is the Infective stage called in schistosomiasis
cercariae (larvae)
44
What is swimmer’s itch?
Schistosome dermatitis - | when cercariae penetrate an unsuitable host (i.e. a human)
45
In Monogena most fish are
ectoparasites
46
some - found in urinary bladder, lower intestine of frogs and turtles. in nature they cause little economic damage but can be very destructive in fish farming.
Monogena
47
Monogena life cycle goes through: Direct development.
“Monogenea” = 1 generation. 1 egg = 1 adult | No intermediate hosts → Autoinfection - possible for some species.
48
ciliated larvae, has eyespots, a rudimentary digestive system and an opisthaptor to attach to its new host.
Oncomiracidium
49
Why is the Opisthaptor important?
because they are typically ectoparasites and need to hang onto hosts.
50
What are the two hosts of Cestoda Tapeworms
definitive host - a vertebrate, (sexual reproduction) | intermediate hosts – either a vertebrate or an invertebrates.
51
What is the morphology of the Class Cestoda Tapeworms
quite different in appearance from the other members of the Platyhelminthes. dorso-ventrally flattened, tape-like bodies. Lack a head and gut.
52
What is is the general structure of an adult Class Cestoda Tapeworms
Segmented’ body | NB Not “true” segmentation
53
attachment to their host contains suckers and hooks Remnant of posterior part of body.
scolex
54
neck
zone of proliferation | - undifferentiated area behind the scolex
55
a chain of many reproductive units (proglottids )
strobila
56
immature proglottids - developing reproductive
mature proglottids: mature reproductive organs. | gravid proglottids: contain eggs in the uterus.
57
Tegument
- Cestodes, like trematodes and monogeneans, have no external motile cilia. - entire surface of cestodes is covered with small projections called microtriches similar to microvilli seen in the vertebrate small intestine.
58
Larval Cestodes (Metacestodes) what is important to know
Most pathogenic stage | Result in economic loss
59
What is a causative agent of Taeniasis in dogs, cats and humans, and cysticercosis in the mammalian intermediate host (IH)
Taenia spp
60
What is the infective stage of the intestine of definitive host (DI) - adults
larvae (cysticercus/coenurus)
61
What is the infective stage of In various tissues of IH (usually forms cysts) -
egg with oncosphere
62
What can you get if you an ingest pork tapeworm
Cysticercosis | which commonly occurs in eyes or the brain blindness, serious neurological symptoms or death

Animals (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions