Sponges and Radiate animals

Question 1

Level of organization

Answer 1

Cellular

Question 2

Spongeshave what type of symmetry?

Answer 2

Asymmetrical

Question 3

What are the four main classes of Porifera

Answer 3

Homoscleromorpha, Calcarea, Demsponglae, Hexactinlidia

Question 4

Porifera special feature?

Answer 4

they have Spicules

Question 5

What are the three body forms

Answer 5

Asconoid, Syconoid, Leuconoid

Question 6

What is the most simple body form

Answer 6

Asconoid’s

Question 7

Choanocytes is what

Answer 7

collar cells

Question 8

Asconoid’s have flagellated…

Answer 8

Spongocoels

Question 9

Has spongocoel NOT lined with choanocytes

Answer 9

Syconoids

Question 10

Syconoids have flagellated…

Answer 10

Canals

Question 11

Has no spongocoel

Answer 11

Leuconoids

Question 12

The most complex body form and have flagellated..

Answer 12

Leuconoids

Question 13

Organized in gelatinous extracellular matrix:

Answer 13

Mesohyl

Question 14

What type of cell
ovoid cells that line canal systems and chambers
exposed end, a collar forming a filtering device
flagellar motion pulls water through filter

Answer 14

Choanocytes

Question 15

Archeocytes are involved in what?

Answer 15

Nutrition

Question 16

True epithelium is found where

Answer 16

cell layer boardering a free space, cell junctions, sits on a basement membrane of extracellular matrix.

Question 17

• What coordinates contraction of bands of myocytes around opens- lack nervous system
• protective and contractile (myocytes)

Answer 17

Pinacocytes:

Question 18

Sponges non-selectively consume food particles sized between …

Answer 18

0.1 μm and 50 μm

Question 19

The smallest particles are taken into choanocytes by whereas Protein molecules may be taken in by

Answer 19

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

Question 20

Can intracellular or Intercellular cells digest food

Answer 20

Intracellular

Question 21

The process of being able to regenerate individuals from fragments

Answer 21

Somatic embryogenesis

Question 22

Are Archaeacytes totipotent

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

Most sponges are Monoecious, what does this mean

Answer 23

both make and female cells

Question 24

Most sponges are viviparous , what is that process

Answer 24

development of embryo within the parent —- makes a ciliated larva
(parenchyma is the most common type)

Question 25

What degree symmetry do radiate animals have?

Answer 25

360

Question 26

Phylum Cnidaria (nettle like) are

Answer 26

Diploblastic with epidermis (ectoderm) and gastrodermis (gut) (endoderm).

Question 27

What is the specialized stinging organelle in Cnidaria called

Answer 27

the nematocyst

Question 28

What are the four main classes in the Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 28

Anthozoa, Scphozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa

Question 29

Phylum Cnidaria have what symmetry

Answer 29

Radial or biradial – but lack bilateral equalization

Question 30

What has the two body types of medusa or polyps

Answer 30

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 31

lack mesoderm AKA

Answer 31

Diploblastic

Question 32

``` Which phylum has the following: Lack a coelom Incomplete gut: gastrovascular cavity- blind ended gut, mouth acts as both Tentacles Nerve net- Sense organs: No excretory or respiratory system ```

Answer 32

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 33

Medusa is what

Answer 33

Jellyfish

Question 34

``` Bell or umbrella‑shaped Usually free-swimming Mouth directed downward Tetramerous symetry Statocysts and ocelli present Scyphomedusa: no velum Hydromedusa: has velum ```

Answer 34

Medusa

Question 35

Polyp (Hydroid) has what characteristics

Answer 35

- Tubular body - Aboral end attached to substratum by pedal disc - Reproduce asexually by budding, fission, or pedal laceration - Hydrozoa- bud formation, forms tentacles, can remain attached if so forms a colony, if detach then form a separate individual

Question 36

For a mutualistic Hydrozoan colony what is being exchanged? (Eg, crabs)

Answer 36

Mutualistic hydrozoan colony on hermit crab shell, crab gains protection and camo Hydrozoa gains colony, mobility and food scraps

Question 37

'naked' polyps without mouth

Answer 37

Dactylozooid polyps

Question 38

reproductive 'naked' polyps

Answer 38

Gonozooid (gonangium) polyps

Question 39

What is a Free swimming polymorphic colonial forms

Answer 39

Physalia physalis

Question 40

feeding polyps with mouth and tentacles for prey capture

Answer 40

Gastrozooid (hydranths) polyps

Question 41

What has Nematocyte (stinging organelle) abundant on tentacles discharge stimulated by chemical and/or physical contact. One shot and then recycled.

Answer 41

Cnidae

Question 42

Discharged cnidae can specialize for 4 things what are they

Answer 42

1. wrapping around small objects* 2. sticking to surfaces* (*spirocysts/ptychocysts) 3. penetrating surfaces 4. secreting toxins (nematocysts)

Question 43

Are typically carnivores

Answer 43

Cnidae

Question 44

Corals supplement their nutrition with carbohydrates collected from what

Answer 44

algal symbionts

Question 45

Can Cnidae reproduced sexually, Asexually or both

Answer 45

Both

Question 46

The nervous system processes synapse or junction with

Answer 46

1. (neuro)sensory cells 2. epitheliomuscular cells 3. nutritive-muscular cells 4. Nematocytes

Question 47

Sensory is contained within what structure?

Answer 47

rhopalium - “sense organ” (in scyphoid medusa)

Question 48

What controls balance?

Answer 48

Statocysts

Question 49

Ocelli do what?

Answer 49

light receptors

Question 50

Impacts on jellyfish and corals

Answer 50

Predation, humans, coral bleaching, global warming and Ocean acidification

Question 51

Which statement(s) about BOTH poriferans and cnidarians is (are) correct?

Answer 51

Both belong to monophyletic groups.

Question 52

The series Asconoid-Syconoid-Leuconoid in sponges represents a

Answer 52

increasing size and complexity of body forms.

Question 53

Nematocysts are

Answer 53

Formed and used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may "steal" them

Question 54

Cnidarian dimorphism refers to

Answer 54

medusa and polyp body types.

Question 55

Colonial polyps share nutritional resources between individual polyps

Answer 55

via a continuous gastrovascular cavity.