Annoying last things Flashcards
(52 cards)
The combined pill prevents pregnancy by not only providing negative feedback for FSH and LH and producing cervical mucous but also…?
Prevents implantation due to poor proliferation of the endometrium
What is thought to promote ovulation with regard to LH surge?
Expansion of antrum and release of prostagladins E2 and F2 increasing breakdown of graafian follicle
What is Tunica albuginea?
Serous membrane surrounding the testes
What is considered oligospermia?
<10million
Where does the hyposgastric plexus nerve to the bladder originate?
T10 - L2
What is the various lengths of the male urethra?
prostatic - 4cm
Membranous - 2 cm
Spongy - 15 cm
What muscle aids in the last drop of urine?
Bulbospongious muscle
What are the eosiniphilic hyaline proteins found in the prostate?
Corpora amyleaca
What is the histology of the prostate?
Glandular columnar epithelium surrounded by muscular stroma tissue
What does the prostate secrete?
Citrate
Acid phsophatases
digestive clots and clotting proteins
Calcium
Which male reproductive gland secretes prostagladins?
semenviscles
What virus causes shingles?
Herpes Zoster
In the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum newly formed proteins have glucose on them which is removed by an enzyme - what is the enzyme name? and how many glucose molecules does it remove at first and why is this?
Glucosidase
Removes all but one - which allows chaperons (calnexin) to bind.
Which sub unit of the prosteosomes secretes proteolytic enzymes?
Beta sub-unit
Outline the sorbitol pathway
glucose > Sorbitol via Aldose reductase
Sorbitol > fructose via Sorbitol dehydrogenase
MMSE - components:
- Orientation to time:
* testing hippocampus and medial temporal - Orientation to place:
* Usually testing Retrograde. also temporal frontal - Registration: (apple, penny, table)
* testing working memory (PFC) and Wernickes and Brocas - Attention and calculation (-7)
* testing PFC, parietal on dominant and cingulate gyrus - Recall: (apple penny table)
* testing ability to learn. Hippocampus - Naming (pencil, watch)
* testing wernickes and brocas - Repetition: (no ifs ands or buts)
* testing brocas and weirnkes - Comprehension: (folding paper and place on floor)
* testing left parietal and temporal for memory - Reading (close eyes and do it)
* testing left parietal - Writing
* left parietal and temporal - Drawing: (pentagons)
* Right parietal (non dominant) and basal ganglia
What tests proprioception?
Romberg’s test
- standing still for 30 seconds followed by them closing their eyes to stop the vestibular system as their eyes have nothing to fix upon.
In the stages of the model of change, name them along with clinical advice in each part;
Pre-contemplation:
- Motivational without pressure. pressure = resistance
- Maintain patients independence
Contemplation:
Same as before but more motivation
Preparation:
- Give advice
- suggest ideas
- support the ready patients that are ready
- set goals with them
Action:
same as above and
- build confidence
Maintenance:
- coping strategies
- build confidence
Relapse:
- help to figure what happened
- learning
Gene associated with Parkinson’s disease and what kind?
PARK 1-11
Early onset
What is the precusor protein to lewy bodies?
Alpha synuclein
What is prevalence?
Total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
Calculation: total number of cases of disease / population
What is sensitivity?
Ability to detect the disease if present. Percentage of correct positive results. i.e. those identified as having a disease that actually did.
What is specificity?
Ability to detect disease is not present. that is the number of people that were correctly identified as not having the disease within a negative result.
What is PPV?
Probability that if a person has the disease if the result is positive
