Diarrhoea Flashcards
(40 cards)
What infection may cause acute watery diarrhoea?
Cholera
What infection may cause acute bloody diarrhoea?
Shigella is the most common
E. Coli 0157: H7
Salmonella
What type of bacteria is Escherichia? and what is a distinguishing feature about it?
Coliform
Ferments glucose and lactose
Proteus bacteria are from which sub group? what is the most infectious type of it?
what is a distinguishing feature of Proteus?
Coliform
Proteus Mirabilis
It can hydrolyse urea via urease enzyme.
What is the serious reaction that may happen if E.Coli 0157 enters the blood, and what are the sub groups of this syndrome?
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
- Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anemia
- Acute renal failure
- thrombocytopenia
Does Salmonella fermentate lactose?
No.
Salmonella Typhi when it ferments carbohydrates what does it produce?
Only acid - it produces no gas with it.
What may Clostridium Difficile lead to?
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
What toxin is produced by Vibrio Cholerae and what does it do?
Zonulae Occludens
- loosens tight junctions
- promotes vasodilation, dramatically increasing secretions
How is campylobacter pathogenic?
Mucus invading bacterial causing damage and inflammation to the enterocytes
What Gastroenteritis infection uses invasion into the mucus, enterotoxins and cytotoxins?
Salmonella
What are two serious complications of campylobater infections?
Gullain Barre syndrome
Reactive arthritis
What toxin does the E.Coli 0157: H7 use and what type of toxin is it?
Shiga - like toxin -1
Cytotoxic
C. Diff is pathogenic how?
Produces enterotoxin which promotes the shedding of the enterocytes of the mucus.
leaving unregulated gaps in the mucosa where fluid can leak.
What is the typical stool seen in C.Diff patients?
Pseudomembraneous colitis
What is a serious complication of C.Diff?
Toxic Mega Colon
What are the broad types of diarrhea
Secretory
Osmotic
Inflammatory
Motility - via a neurotoxin
Name three common types of parasites that can cause diarrhea?
Cryptospordium
Giardia
Entamoeba Histolytica
What is the definition of diarrhea?
3 or more water stools a day
The stools are able to mold to the container in which they are placed.
+200ml
What is the main treatment for Diarrhoea in children?
Fluid replacement - that contain Na2+ and glucose
Zinc supplements
Feeding
What are the broad types of intravenous Solutions?
Colloids - Large molecular weight
Crystalloids - water plus electrolytes - saline, dextrose
What investigations can be done in someone with diarrhoea?
Faecal leukocyte - demonstrate if there is inflammation
Faecal Occult blood - identifies Haem in faeces - rare steak can set it off though
Stool Cultures - microscopy
Full blood count – anaemia
Examination for ova or cysts of protazol
endoscopy
How does cholera cause diarrhoea?
Increases cAMP levels - activating Protein kinase A, which promotes the release of Cl- out the Cystic fibrosis trans-membrane regulatory protein - causing massive secretions of Cl-.
Name two prominent bacteria infections that cause inflammatory diarrhoea
Shigella
Salmonella
