Anomalies in oral cavity Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are anomalies?
changes in the normal development and growth of a body structure. Manifestations of defects are evident either at birth or later during life.
What are the types of developmental anomalies
Developmental anomalies can be congenital, hereditary, familial, acquired, or hamartomatous.
Define Congenital anomalies.
Defects which are present at birth or before birth during IUL
because of hereditary or environmental influence
(Cleft lip/ palate)
Define Hereditary anomalies
Defects are genetically transmitted from parents to
offspring where definite genetic location is identifiedجين معروف
(down syndrome- trisomy 21).
Define Familial anomalies.
Defects are transmitted from parents to offspring where
definite genetic location is not identifiedجين غير معروف
(Diabetes
Define Acquired anomalies.
defects developed due to some pathological
environmental conditions
(congenital syphilis)
Define Hamartomas تصخم
excessive focal proliferation of tissues which are
native to that particular location نمو مفرط لاكن النسيج نفسه طبيعي
(Odontomes)
Normal Development of upper lip:
development of the( nasal placodes ) on the either side of the inferior aspect of the (frontonasal process.)
2. Proliferation of ectomesenchyme on both sides of each formation of the (medial and lateral
nasal processes.)
4- During 6TH to 7TH Week of intrauterine life lip is formed by
medial nasal processes merges with each other and with
the maxillary processes.
The mid portion is formed from medial nasal processes.
Lateral portion formed from maxillary process
What is Cleft Lip (CL)?
بيتكون ازاي
اكثر في اي جنس
مكانه
Cleft lip (CL) is a malformation of the. lip,
It can be unilateral or bilateral, with unilateral being more common (about 80% of cases). It is more common in males than in females
Upper lip
Types of cleft lip
Unilateral: results from failure of fusion between the (medial nasal process )and the (maxillary
process )on one side.
• Bilateral :
on both sides.
• Median : is extremely rare and results from failure of the medial nasal processes to merge.
This is the only cleft called a hare lip.شفه ارنب
cleft extending into the floor of
the nostril (complete, incomplete
Veau classification of cleft lip
انواعهم وتعرفهم
• Class I: Unilateral notching of the vermilion border that doesnt extend into
the lip.
• Class II: Unilateral notching of the vermilion border that extends into the lip
but doesnt involve the floor of the nose.
• Class III: Unilateral clefts of the vermilion border extending through the lip
into the floor of the nose.
• Class IV: Any bilateral cleft of the lip exhibiting incomplete or complete
cleft
Normal development of palate
- Merger of the medial nasal process forms the intermaxillary segment (gives rise to premaxilla).
- Palate makes up 90% of the hard and soft palate.
- Bilateral projections from the medial aspects of the maxillary processes form the palatal shelves.
- Fusion of the palatal shelves begins in the anterior palate around the 8th week.
- Fusion progresses posteriorly and is completed around the 12th week.
Cleft palate ( CP ):
Less common CL
, females > males.
Affects primary palate (anterior). Failure of lateral palatine processes to fuse with medial nasal processes. Often with tooth issues.
• Clefts of secondary palate
فتحه بسيطه في ال
Bifid uvula to full hard/soft palate cleft.
Cleft uvula more common than CP
Clefts of both primary and secondary palates :
Failure of fusion of (palatine shelves, primary palate, and nasal septum)
Veau classification of CP
انواعه
وتعرفهم
Class I palatal cleft : is a cleft limited to the soft palate.
• Class II palatal clefts: are clefts of the hard and soft palate which are limited to the
secondary palate only i.e. not extend further the incisive foramen (incomplete).
• Class III palatal clefts : Clefts extending from the uvula to the incisive foramen in the
midline and involving the premaxilla and the alveolar process unilaterally
• i.e. it exhibits a complete secondary palate cleft plus complete unilateral primary palate cleft.
• Class IV palatal clefts : Clefts extending from uvula to the incisive foramen in the midline
and involving the premaxilla and the alveolar process on both sides of the premaxilla leaving
it free and often mobile
What are some clinical significances of orofacial clefts
Clefts of the palate can lead to velopharyngeal incompetence causing problems in speech, swallowing, and respiratory issues. مشكل فتح الفم علي الانف
They can also cause Eustachian tube dysfunction, recurrent otitis media, and hearing problems. مشاكل في السمع
Dental abnormalities are remarkable with cleft lip and palate, including abnormalities of tooth number, size, morphology, calcification, and eruption. Disfigurement and esthetic problems can lead to psychological issues.
What is the treatment for orofacial clefts?
Primary lip closure at first few months. Cheiloplasty is often
required later in life.
❑Palatal obturators for infants.
❑Closure of palate defects is often recommended by 1 years of age to
promote normal speech development.
What are Commissural lip pits
• a small mucosal invaginations (1-4 mm depth) that occur at
the corners of the mouth on the vermilion border.
Etiology : a failure of normal fusion of the maxillary and
mandibular processes.
In extremely, rare instances, salivary secretions may be
excessive or secondary infection may occu
Double lip تعريف
characterized by a fold of excess
tissue on the inner mucosal side of the lip.
• Etiology: habit or syndrome (Ascher syndrome)
patient smiles or when the lips are tensed, the
excess fold of tissue is visible
What is Aglossia
Aglossia means complete or partial absence of the tongue at birth. It is commonly associated with craniofacial and limb defects (Adactylia syndrome)
What is Microglossia (Hypoglossia)
small tongue, usually associated
with one of a group as oromandibular limb hypo- genesis
syndrome. نقص تكون الاطراف الفكيه
What are some congenital and hereditary causes of Macroglossia
Vascular malformation as diffuse تشوه الاوعيه الدمويه زي (hemangioma )and )
(lymphangioma)
❑Facial hemi- hypertrophy .
❑Down’s syndrome.
❑Neurofibromatosis.
❑Multiple endocrine neoplasia.
❑Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome
What are some acquired causes of Macroglossia
Amyloidosis : deposition of
extracellular amyloid, light chain protein .
❖Acromegally: hyperpituitarism in adults (too much growth hormone).
❖Myxedema: disease produced by thyroid deficiency (hypothyroidism)
❖ Angioedema.
❖Carcinoma and other tumors
❖In edentulous patient
