ANS

Question 1

the autonomic nervous system includes what 3 subdivisions?

Answer 1

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

Question 2

where are cell bodies of preganglionic ANS fibers located?

Answer 2

clustered in a nucleus in the CNS

Question 3

in general, where are cell bodies of postganglionic ANS fibers located?

Answer 3

clustered in a ganglion outside the CNS

Question 4

preganglionic autonomic fibers release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

Answer 4

Ach - nicotinic

Question 5

postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands/organs release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

Answer 5

NE - a/B noradrenergic

Question 6

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers release ____ mediated by ____

Answer 6

Ach - muscarinic

Question 7

postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate peripheral BVs, sweat glands and arrector pilli muscles release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

Answer 7

Ach - muscarinic

Question 8

where are preganglionic sympathetic cells located?

Answer 8

intermediolateral gray of T1-L2

Question 9

preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit through the ____ and briefly join the ____ and ____

Answer 9

v. root
spinal n.
v. ramus

Question 10

what forms the white rami communicantes?

Answer 10

preganglionic sympathetic fibers
(from v. ramus)

Question 11

after the white rami communicantes, preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the ____

Answer 11

paravertebral sympathetic ganglia

Question 12

what is innervated by sympathetics from T1-T4?

Answer 12

head & thoracic viscera

Question 13

what is innervated by sympathetics from T5-L2?

Answer 13

abdominal & pelvic viscera

Question 14

what is innervated by sympathetics from T1-L2?

Answer 14

peripheral BVs, sweat glands & arrector pilli muscles of body wall & limbs

Question 15

where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse to supply the body wall & limbs?

Answer 15

sympathetic chain ganglia at the same, higher, or lower level

Question 16

what forms the gray rami communicantes?

Answer 16

postganglionic sympathetic fibers
(to body wall & limbs)

Question 17

fibers from the gray rami communicates enter into the ____

Answer 17

ventral ramus

Question 18

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the cervical, thoracic and lumbar ganglia reach their target via ____ and innervate…

Answer 18

• dorsal & ventral rami
• peripheral BVs, sweat glands & arrector pilli muscles of body wall & limbs

Question 19

describe the path of preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the head & thoracic viscera

Answer 19

IML -> v. rami -> white rami communicantes -> cervical ganglia (inf, mid, sup) –< carotid/cardiac plexuses

Question 20

where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the carotid plexus synapse?

Answer 20

superior cervical ganglion

Question 21

where to preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the cardiac plexus synapse?

Answer 21

middle & inferior cervical ganglia

Question 22

lesion of superior cervical ganglion (or reticular formation in medulla)

Answer 22

Horner’s syndrome:
- ptosis
- meiosis
- anhidrosis
- enophthalmos

Question 23

preganglionic sympathetic fibers that go through the ganglia without synapsing form the ____

Answer 23

splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least, lumbar)

Question 24

splanchnic nerves synapse with ____

Answer 24

prevertebral ganglia (coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)

Question 25

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the prevertebral ganglia innervate...

Answer 25

abdominal & pelvic viscera: GI tract, pancreas, liver, kidney, bladder, genitalia

Question 26

fibers from the splanchnic nerves that bypass prevertebral ganglia innervate the ____ which releases...

Answer 26

adrenal medulla NE/E into circulation

Question 27

splanchnic nerves release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

Answer 27

Ach - nicotinic

Question 28

fibers from the prevertebral ganglia release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

Answer 28

NE - adrenergic

Question 29

preganglionic parasympathetic cells are found in...

Answer 29

cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X IML gray S2-4

Question 30

name the locations of preganglionic parasympathetic cells in the brainstem

Answer 30

1. Edinger-Westphal nucleus (III) 2. Superior salivatory nucleus (VII) 3. Inferior salivatory nucleus (IX) 4. Dorsal motor nucleus & nucleus ambiguus (X)

Question 31

preganglionic fibers from the oculomotor nerve synapse in the ____

Answer 31

ciliary ganglion

Question 32

preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve synapse in the ____ and ____

Answer 32

pterygopalatine ganglion submandibular ganglion

Question 33

preganglionic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the ____

Answer 33

otic ganglion

Question 34

preganglionic fibers from the vagus nerve synapse with ____ and ____

Answer 34

diffuse thoracic & abdominal ganglia

Question 35

postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate...

Answer 35

sphincter pupillae & ciliary muscles

Question 36

postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate...

Answer 36

lacrimal gland serous & mucous glands of nasopharynx

Question 37

postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate...

Answer 37

submandibular & sublingual salivary glands

Question 38

postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion innervate...

Answer 38

parotid salivary gland

Question 39

postganglionic fibers from the diffuse ganglia innervate...

Answer 39

heart esophagus lungs stomach liver gall bladder pancreas foregut & midgut derivatives

Question 40

S2,3,4 IML column gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which via the ____, innervate...

Answer 40

pelvic splanchnic nn descending & sigmoid colon + pelvic viscera

Question 41

the enteric nervous system controls the function of...

Answer 41

GI tract pancreas gallbladder

Question 42

enteric sensory neurons respond to...

Answer 42

gut wall tension & changes to chemicals in the gut

Question 43

enteric motor neurons innervate...

Answer 43

smooth muscle, vasculature & secretion of the gut

Question 44

the enteric nervous system is composed of the ____ and the ____

Answer 44

myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus submucosal (Meissner's) plexus

Question 45

where is the myenteric plexus located?

Answer 45

between external longitudinal & circular smooth muscle layers

Question 46

where is the submucosal plexus located?

Answer 46

between circular smooth muscle & mucosa

Question 47

what type of sensory information does the facial nerve convey?

Answer 47

visceral chemosensory information about taste

Question 48

what type of sensory information does the glossopharyngeal nerve convey?

Answer 48

info from head & neck viscera

Question 49

what type of sensory information does the vagus nerve convey?

Answer 49

info from thoracic & abdominal viscera

Question 50

all sensory information of the ANS converges at the ____

Answer 50

solitary nucleus

Question 51

name 3 ways the solitary nucleus reacts to ANS sensory info

Answer 51

1. direct control of ANS function by reflexes (project to X and spinal cord nuclei) 2. projections to reticular formation & periaqueductal gray (regulate breathing, BP, HR, etc) 3. projections to hypothalamus -> thalamus, amygdala, cingulate cortex

Question 52

how does the hypothalamus exert its function?

Answer 52

- controlling brainstem & spinal cord nuclei that control temperature, HR, BP, respiration, feeding & metabolic rate - endocrine release of hormones that influence ANS function