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NYCC Neuro 2 > Visual Pathway > Flashcards

Visual Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

The visual field of each eye is separated into…

A

Four quadrants:
Upper & Lower
Right & Left (nasal & temporal)

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2
Q

The retina receives…

A

Visual field projection

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3
Q

In the retina, the image is…

A

Crossed & inverted

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4
Q

The temporal 1/2 of the visual field projects to the ____ of the retina

A

Nasal 1/2

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5
Q

The nasal 1/2 of the visual field projects to the _____ of the retina

A

Temporal 1/2

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6
Q

The upper 1/2 of the visual field projects to the ____ of the retina

A

Lower 1/2

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7
Q

The lower 1/2 of the visual field projects to the ____ of the retina

A

Upper 1/2

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8
Q

In the optic chasm, fibers partially cross so that the left 1/2s of the visual field enter the ____ optic tract, and the right 1/2s of the visual field enter the ____ optic tract

A

Right
Left

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9
Q

The optic tracts synapse in the ____

A

Lateral geniculate nuclei

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10
Q

Fibers from the lateral geniculate nuclei form the ____

A

Optic radiation

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11
Q

The optic radiation fibers that correspond to the upper 1/2 of the visual field form the _____ in the ____ lobe

A

Loop of Meyer
Temporal

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12
Q

The optic radiation fibers that correspond to the lower 1/2 of the visual field form the ____

A

Parietal lobe optic radiation

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13
Q

The optic radiation from the loop of Meyer terminate at the ____, carrying visual information from the ____ visual field

A

Lingual gyrus
Upper

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14
Q

The optic radiation fibers from the parietal lobe terminate in the ____, carrying visual information from the ____ visual field

A

Cuneus
Lower

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15
Q

Lesion of right optic nerve

A

Right anopsia
(Loss of vision in right eye only)

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16
Q

Pituitary tumour affecting the optic chiasm (saggital)

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia
(Loss of peripheral/temporal vision)

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17
Q

Right carotid aneurysm affecting the optic chiasm (horizontal)

A

Right nasal hemianopsia

18
Q

Lesion of right optic tract/LGB/optic radiation/visual cortex

A

left homonymous hemianopsia
(loss of vision of left visual field)

19
Q

Lesion of right visual cortex (cuneus & lingual) excluding occipital pole

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia with sparing of macula
(loss of vision of left visual field, sparing central vision)

20
Q

lesion of right parietal lobe optic radiation/cuneus

A

left homonymous lower quadrantanopsia
(loss of vision of lower left quadrant visual field)

21
Q

lesion of right cuneus excluding occipital pole

A

left homonymous lower quadrantanopsia with sparing of macula
(loss of vision of lower left quadrant visual field, sparing central vision)

22
Q

lesion of right loop of Meyer/temporal lobe optic radiation

A

left homonymous upper quadrantanopsia
(loss of vision of upper left quadrant visual field)

23
Q

bilateral internal carotid aneurism affecting optic chiasm (horizontal)

A

binasal anopsia

24
Q

lesion of right lingual gyrus excluding occipital pole

A

left homonymous upper quadrantanopsia with sparing of macula
(loss of vision of upper left quadrant visual field, sparing central vision)

25
Q

activation of the light reflex causes…

A

constriction of pupils (sphincter pupillae mm)

26
Q

what is the accommodation reflex?

A

convergence, thickening of lens & pupillary constriction

27
Q

light entering the right eye will cause…

A

direct right pupil constriction
indirect left pupil constriction

28
Q

light entering the left eye will cause…

A

direct left pupil constriction
indirect right pupil constriction

29
Q

what happens when light enters the right eye with a lesion of the right optic nerve?

A

no pupil constriction

30
Q

what happens when light enters the left eye with a lesion of the right optic nerve?

A

bilateral pupil constriction

31
Q

what happens when light enters the right eye with a lesion of the right oculomotor nerve?

A
  • right pupil cannot constrict (mydriasis)
  • left pupil constricts
32
Q

what happens when light enters the left eye with a lesion of the right oculomotor nerve?

A
  • right pupil cannot constrict (mydriasis)
  • left pupil constricts
33
Q

what is Argyle Robertson Pupil?

A

mydriasis without cycloplegia
(Accommodation Reflex Present, Light Reflex Absent)

34
Q

In the primary visual cortex, what structure separates the upper and lower visual fields?

A

calcarine sulcus

35
Q

describe the pathway of the light reflex

A

LIGHT -> retina -> CN II -> optic tract -> sup. brachium
–< pretectal nucleus (bilateral; sup colliculi)
–< edinger-wesphal nuclei -> CN III
–< ciliary ganglion -> short ciliary n
–< sphincter pupillae mm

36
Q

describe the pathway of the accommodation reflex

A

retina -> CN II -> optic tract
–< LGB -> optic radiation
–< visual cortex -> frontal eye field (8) -> corticobulbar tract
–< pretectal nuclei (bilateral; sup colliculi)
–< edinger-westphal nuclei -> CN III
–< ciliary ganglion -> short ciliary nn
–< ciliaris (lens) & sphincter pupillae (constriction) mm

37
Q

what are saccadic movements (saccades)?

A

high velocity eye movements that orient the eyes toward a stimulus

38
Q

what are the combined functions of the superior colliculus and frontal eye field related to saccadic movements?

A

coordinate visual, somatic, and auditory info, adjusting movements of the head to the stimulus

39
Q

what are the functions of the superior colliculus related to saccadic movements?

A

receives info about motion in the visual field and is concerned with visual attentiveness and identification of broad outlines of objects

40
Q

what are the functions of the frontal eye field related to saccadic movements?

A

receives info from primary visual cortex and is concerned with fine visual discrimination and saccadic movements to complex visual stimuli

NYCC Neuro 2 (28 decks)

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