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Pharm I Fall 2016 NUNM Jensen > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What does muscarinic stimulation in sphincter muscle of the iris of the eye cause?

A

Miosis

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2
Q

What does muscarinic stimulation in arterioles cause?

A

Vasodilation

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3
Q

What does muscarinic stimulation in heart cause?

A

Negative chronotropic and inotropic respnses

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4
Q

What does muscarinic stimulation in bronchial smooth muscle cause?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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5
Q

What does muscarinic stimulation in GI and GU systems cause?

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea

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6
Q

What kind of stimulation of the heart causes +inotropic and +chronotropic response?

A

Beta 1

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7
Q

What kind of stimulation of the bronchus causes bronchodilation?

A

Beta 2

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8
Q

What kind of stimulation of the myometrium causes relaxation?

A

Beta 2

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9
Q

What kind of stimulation of the pancreas causes insulin release?

A

Beta 2

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10
Q

What kind of stimulation of arterioles causes vasoconstriction?

A

Alpha 1

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11
Q

What kind of stimulation of radial muscles of the iris causes mydriasis?

A

Alpha 1

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12
Q

What kind of stimulation reduces norepinephrine release?

A

Alpha 2

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13
Q

What are the two types of parasympathomimetics?

A

Muscarinic agonists

Cholinesterase inhibitors

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14
Q

What is the one type of parasympatholytic?

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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15
Q

Acetylcholine: Category?

A

ANS - parasympathomimetic

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16
Q

Acetylcholine: MOA?

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic agonist

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17
Q

Acetylcholine: Distinguishing characteristics?

A

Rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases
Acts on musc. and nic. receptors
Quaternary ammonium group invokes polarity

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18
Q

Acetylcholine: Predictable characteristics?

A

Short half life (seconds)
Diffuse activity
Limited distribution

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19
Q

Acetylcholine: Predictable uses?

A

Local ophthalmic use (but better products available)

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20
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine): Category?

A

ANS - parasympathomimetic

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21
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine): MOA?

A

Muscarinic agonist

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22
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine): Distinguishing characteristics?

A

Not metabolized by esterase enzymes
Quaternary ammonium compound
Particular affinity for gut and bladder smooth muscle
Oral route preferred

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23
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine): Predictable characteristics?

A

No CNS effect

T1/2 allows dist. to areas of low blood flow

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24
Q

Bethanechol (Urecholine): Predictables uses?

A

Postoperative gastroparesis
Urinary retention
Xerostomia
Ocular diagnostics

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25
Bethanechol (Urecholine): Predictable side effects?
Other parasympathomimetic effects especially following parenteral Rx
26
Neostigmine: Category?
ANS - Parasympathomimetic
27
Neostigmine: MOA?
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
28
Neostigmine: Distinctive characteristics?
Quaternary ammonium compound Contains ester group- slowly hydrolyzed Poorly absorbed following oral Rx
29
Neostigmine: Predictable activities?
Elevates Ach levels Causes both muscarinic and nicotinic stimulation Numerous peripheral side effects but not CNS
30
Neostigmine: Predictable uses?
Miosis and Rx glaucoma (local) Rx myasthenia gravis Antidote to some drugs (atropine) Atonic gut and bladder
31
Malathione: Category?
ANS- Parasympathomimetic
32
Malathione: MOA?
Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
33
Malathione: Distinguishing characteristics?
Tertiary ammonium compound Binds covalently to esterase enzymes Not hydrolyzed by esterase enzymes Rapidly absorbed through multiple routes
34
Malathione: Predictable characteristics?
``` Causes SLUD and other ANS activities Causes CNS disturbances No therapeutic use Used as insecticide Similar agent used as chemical weapons Atropine is antidote plus supportive therapy ```
35
Atropine: Category?
ANS- parasympatholytic
36
Atropine: MOA?
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
37
Atropine: Distinguishing characteristics?
``` From plant source (atropa belladonna) Tertiary ammonium compound Ester group required for activity Resistant to hydrolysis by esterases Metabolized in liver with t1.2 of ~4hr ```
38
Atropine: Predictable activities?
``` CNS toxicity (especially kids) Inhibit SLUD Used in ophthalmology (mydriasis and cycloplegia) Antidote to parasympathomimetics Used to treat diarrhea ```
39
Ipratropium: Category?
Parasympatholytic
40
Ipratropium: MOA?
Muscarinic antagonist
41
Ipratropium: Distinguishing characteristics?
Quaternary ammonium compound | Minimal inhibition of mucociliary clearance
42
Ipratropium: Predictable actions?
No CNS effects Bronchodilation Limited mucous accumulation
43
Scopolamine: Category?
ANS- parasympatholytic
44
Scopolamine: MOA?
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
45
Scopolamine: Distinguishing characteristics?
From plant source (Hyocyamus niger) Greater CNS distribution than atropine Other char. similar to atropine
46
Scopolamine: Predictable actions?
Greater CNS side effects and abuse potential than atropine Used less frequently than atropine Used to treat motion sickness
47
Epinephrine: Category?
ANS- sympathomimetic
48
Epinephrine: MOA?
Stimulate alpha and beta receptors (G protein which facilitate 2nd messengers)
49
Epinephrine: Distinguishing characteristics?
Metabolized in gut, blood and multiple tissues | More beta and less alpha activity than norepinephrine
50
Epinephrine: Predictable uses?
``` Ineffective orally Very short t1/2 (minutes) Cardiac emergencies Bronchospasms Adjunct to local anesthesia ```
51
Epinephrine: Predictable side effects?
``` Tachycardia and increased force of contraction BP disturbance (usually HTN) ```
52
Phenylephrine: Category?
ANS- Sympathomimetic
53
Phenylephrine: MOA?
Alpha 1 receptor agonist
54
Phenylephrine: Distinguishing characteristics?
Effective orally | Limited access to CNS
55
Phenylephrine: Uses?
Nasal decongestant | Mydratic
56
Phenylephrine: Side effects?
Rebound congestion Increased peripheral resistance Reflex bradycardia
57
Clonidine: Category?
ANS- sympathomimetic
58
Clonidine: MOA?
Alpha 2 receptor agonist
59
Clonidine: Distinguishing characteristics?
``` Effective orally Crosses blood-brain barrier Prefers alpha receptors in brainstem Long t1/2 and duration of action Diminish discharge from medular vasomotor center ```
60
Clonidine: Predictable uses?
Antihypertensive
61
Clonidine: Side effects?
Dry mouth Sedation Sexual dysfunction
62
Isoproterenol: Category?
ANS- sympathomimetic
63
Isoproterenol: MOA?
Beta receptor agonist (1 and 2)
64
Isoproterenol: Distinguishing characteristics?
Metabolized by COMT Short duration of action Both beta 1 and 2
65
Isoproterenol: Predictable uses?
Cardiac arrest
66
Isoproterenol: Predictable actions?
Tachycardia Bronchodilation Replaced often by more selective beta agonists
67
Albuterol: Category?
ANS- sympathomimetic
68
Albuterol: MOA?
Beta 2 receptor agonist
69
Albuterol: Distinguishing characteristics?
Effective orally or by inhalation Limited cardiovascular effects Duration of action is several hours
70
Albuterol: Predictable uses?
Bronchodilator
71
Albuterol: Side effects?
Weak and occasional tachycardia | Vasodilation
72
Amphetamine: Category?
ANS sympathomimetic
73
Amphetamine: MOA?
Stimulate release of norepinephrine and dopamine
74
Amphetamine: Dist. char.?
Enters CNS | Inhibits MAO
75
Amphetamine: Actions?
Alpha and beta stim by NorE (vasoconstriction, cardiac stim., increased BP, mydriasis) CNS stim. (euphoria, insomnia, anxiety, loss of appetite, hyperthermia) Used to treat narcolepsy, obesity and ADHD High abuse potential makes it scheduled substance
76
Name some other substances that increase norepinephrine release?
``` Cocaine Tyramine Reserpine Ephedrine Pseudoephedrin Methamphetamine ```
77
Phenelzine: Category?
ANS- sympathomimetic
78
Phenelzine: MOA?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
79
Phenelzine: Dist. Char.?
Readily absorbed Crosses blood-brain barrier Increases synaptic catecholamine levels
80
Phenelzine: Uses?
Antidepressant
81
Phenelzine: Side effects?
Sympathomimetic actions
82
Prazocin: Category?
ANS- sympatholytic
83
Prazocin: MOA?
Alpha 1 receptor antagonist
84
Prazocin: Dist. Char.?
Effective orally Highly protein bound Reflex tachycardia
85
Prazocin: Uses?
Hypertension
86
Prazocin: Side effects?
Hypotension | Syncope
87
Propranolol: Category?
ANS- sympatholytic
88
Propranolol: MOA?
Beta 1 and 2 receptor antagonist
89
Propranolol: Dist. Char.?
Very lipid soluble 1st pass metabolism Highly variable plasma levels Multiple uses
90
Propranolol: Uses?
Antihypertensive Antiangina Antiarrythmic
91
Propranolol: Side effects?
Place asthma patients at risk | Place diabetics at risk
92
Metoprolol: Category?
ANS- sympatholytic
93
Metoprolol: MOA?
Beta 1 receptor antagonist
94
Metoprolol: Dist. Char.?
Similar to propranolol
95
Metoprolol: Uses?
Antihypertensive w/o risk to asthmatics and diabetics
96
Metoprolol: Similar drugs?
Atenolol | Others
97
Reserpine: Category?
ANS- sympatholytic
98
Reserpine: MOA?
Promotes release of NorE and reduces reuptake resulting in depletion of NorE stores
99
Reserpine: Dist. Char.?
Derived from plant Transitory sympathomimetic followed by prolonged sympatholytic effect Antiquated for therapeutic use
100
Reserpine: Uses?
Antihypertensive
101
Reserpine: Side effects?
Prolonged paralysis of sympathetic nervous system

Pharm I Fall 2016 NUNM Jensen (11 decks)

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