Ophthalmic

Question 1

What are agents that dilate the pupil called?

Answer 1

Mydriatics

Question 2

What are agents that cause paralysis of accommodation?

Answer 2

Cycloplegics

Question 3

What is an agent that causes pupillary constriction?

Answer 3

Miotic

Question 4

What is seen with fluorescein dye in herpes keratitis?

Answer 4

Dendritic figure

Question 5

What are three pharm interventions for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

Answer 5

Artificial tears
Topical cyclosporine
Oral omega-6 FA

Question 6

What is the MOA for decongestants in regard to conjunctivitis?

Answer 6

Constrict dilated arterioles of conjunctiva

Question 7

Mild tx for allergic conjunctivitis includes: cool compress, antihistimine/decongestant, and lubricant. What does moderate and severe tx add?

Answer 7

Mod.: mast cell stabilizer

Sev.: steroid, NSAID, mast cell stabilizer

Question 8

What are three decongestants used to constrict dilated arterioles of the conjunctiva?

Answer 8

Tetrahydrozoline
Naphazoline
Phenylephrine

Question 9

What are two decongestant/antihistamine combinations?

Answer 9

Antazoline/Naphazoline

Pheniramine/Naphazoline

Question 10

What are three antihistamines used to block H1 receptor sites for conjunctivitis?

Answer 10

Azelastine hydrochloride
Emedastine
Olopatadine

Question 11

What are three Mast Cell Stabilizers used in conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

Ketotifen
Cromolyn sodium
Nedocromil sodium

Question 12

What NSAIDS are used for conjunctivitis?

Answer 12

Ketorolac
Diclofenac sodium
Flurbiprofen
Suprofen

Question 13

What are the two drugs of choice for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 13

0.3% Tobramycin

Polymyxin B/Trimethoprim

Question 14

For more severe infections of bacterial conjunctivitis what are the drugs of choice?

Answer 14

0. 3% Ofloxacin

0. 3% Ciprofloxacin

Question 15

What are three Aminoglycosides used topically to treat conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

Gentamicin
Neomycin
Tobramycin

Question 16

What are four Fluoroquinolones (broad spectrum antibiotics) used topically to treat conjunctivitis?

Answer 16

Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Question 17

What treatment is indicated for confirmed gonococcal or chlamydial disease in the eye?

Answer 17

IV antibiotics

Question 18

What topical antibiotic treatment is primarily reserved for prophylaxis of neonatal gonococcal and chlamydial infection?

Answer 18

Erythromycin ointment

Question 19

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of HSV keratitis?

Answer 19

Trifluridine topical solution

Question 20

What are three options for treating Cytomegalovirus keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 20

Ganciclovir
Cidofovir
Foscarnet

Question 21

What is the first line of therapy (category) for primary open-angle glaucoma?

Answer 21

Beta blockers

Prostaglandin analogs

Question 22

For the treatment of glaucoma what beta blockers are nonspecific? (3)

Answer 22

Timolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol

Question 23

For the treatment of glaucoma what beta blockers is relatively B-1 specific?

Answer 23

Betaxolol

Question 24

What is the advantage of Timolol and levobunolol (nonspecifics) over Betaxolol (B-1)?

Answer 24

They are more effective at lowering IOP

Question 25

What beta blocker used for glaucoma is nonspecific with partial beta agonist activity?

Answer 25

Carteolol

Question 26

What is the #1 prescribed prostaglandin analog used for glaucoma?

Answer 26

Latanoprost

Question 27

What is the primary alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for glaucoma?

Answer 27

Brimonidine

Question 28

What are three carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used for glaucoma?

Answer 28

Dorzolamide Brinzolamide Acetazolamide

Question 29

What is the MOA for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIS)?

Answer 29

Reduce IOP by decreasing bicarbonate production (by inhibiting CA) resulting in 40-60% decrease in AH secretion