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PHGY 209 > ANS - Lecture 4 > Flashcards

ANS - Lecture 4 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

In ANS, 2 neurons that connect CNS to the target neuron

A

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

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2
Q

Where pre and post ganglionic neuron synapse.

A

In the autonomic ganglia

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3
Q

What is an autonomic ganglia

A

collection of dendrites, cell bodies, synapses in the PNS. There are many

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4
Q

SS (symp. system) : where cell body of pregang. neuron and where it synapses/where axon reaches out

A

In the spinal cord, axon reaches out just outside the spinal cord and synapses with postgang. neuron

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5
Q

SS postgang. neuron length

A

long (reaches out from near spinal cord to the organ)

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6
Q

SS : Synapse 1 is excit. or inhib.

A

excitatory

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7
Q

SS : Synapse 1 neurotrans. and receptor on the postgang. cell

A

ACh. nACh receptors

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8
Q

SS : Synapse 2 (on the target tissue) excit. or inhib.

A

Can be either. Depends on target tissue

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9
Q

SS : Synapse 2 neurotransm.

A

Norepinephrine (neuromodulator btw)

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10
Q

SS : Norepinephrine effect on heart and on bronchial tubes

A

Heart : Faster heartbeat

Bronchial tubes : Smooth muscle relaxes (not activating), tubes expand

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11
Q

SS : Synapse 2 receptors on target organ (2), difference + type of receptor

A

alpha-adrenergic receptors or beta-adrenergic receptors

similar structure, pharmacologically diff. Metabotropic receptors

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12
Q

PSS (parasymp. system) : Where cell body of preganglionic neuron is

A

Brain stem (most of them) and sacral part of the spinal cord

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13
Q

PSS : pregang. neuron length

A

long, extends almost all the way to target organ

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14
Q

PSS : postgang. neuron length

A

short, short axons directly into target tissue

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15
Q

PSS : Synapse 1 excit. or inhib. + neurotransm. and receptor

A

excitatory (just like SS synpase 1). ACh, nACh receptors

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16
Q

PSS : Synapse 2 excit or inhib. + neurotransm + receptors

A

Can be either excit. or inhib. ACh, muscarinic ACh receptors

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17
Q

muscarinic ACh receptors what type of receptor

A

Metabotropic receptors

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18
Q

PSS : ACh effect on heart and on bronchial tubes

A

Heart : Slower heartbeat

Bronchial tubes : Causes contractions of smooth muscle (activating)

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19
Q

Ultimately, what is the diff. between SS and PSS

A

Pharmalogical differences that neurotransmitters have on target organs (how they affect target cells)

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20
Q

SS : Distribution of preganglionic neurons

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A

Originate from thoracic and lumbar parts of spinal cord

21
Q

SS : Specific name of where Synapse 1 takes place + name of these when aligned

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A

SS : Synapse 1 in sympathetic ganglia. Aligned sympathetic ganglia along spinal cord = sympathetic trunks

22
Q

Most important nerve in the PSS (main PS output nerve)

23
Q

Where vagus nerve originates and where it goes (4)

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A

In brainstem (vagus nerve is a cranial nerve). Goes to heart, digestive tract, bronchi and gallbladder)

24
Q

ANS response to sensory inputs + info relay with CNS (4 steps)

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A

1) Sensory components of ANS collect info
2) Info sent to CNS
3) CNS decides what to do (unconscious)
4) ANS reacts based on CNS order

25
4 ways to carry info (afferents) to CNS (from ANS)
Vagus nerve (output and input back to CNS - brainstem), glossopharyngeal nerve, facial nerves, pain afferents around body
26
Brainstem importance in ANS (2)
integrates autonomic inputs and regulates autonomic outputs
27
Most important region of the brainstem where integration regulation of autonomic inputs/outputs takes place
A brainstem nuclei called the nucleus of the solitary tract
28
What is a nucleus in neuroanatomy
Collection of neurons/synapses in the CNS
29
Sensory inputs don't stop at brainstem. 3 higher brain centers involved in homeostasis
Hypothalamus Amygdala Limbic cortex
30
What limbic cortex is and does
Part of cerebral cortex that connects cognitive states (ex. being scared) to physiological responses (faster heartbeat)
31
What regulates autonomic reflexes in the brainstem
Higher brain centers
32
Main higher brain center that regulates autonomic responses in the brain stem + general function
Hypothalamus. Maintains homeostasis and regulates 3 diff. systems
33
Hypothalamus job in general
Maintains homestasis, regulates and coordinates 3 diff. systems
34
3 different systems coordinated and regulated by the hypothalamus
ANS, endocrine system and connection between cognition/behaviour and physiological states
35
How hypothalamus regulates/ coords ANS
Through connections between the hypothalamus and the brainstem
36
How hypothalamus regulates/coords endocrine system
Connections between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
37
What endocrine system does
Release various hormones in bloodstream
38
How hypothalamus connects cognition/behaviour and physiological states
Through connections with the limbic (cerebral) cortex
39
Hypothalamus action when we're cold (ex. of coord/regul. of the 3 systems)
1. Communicates to ANS through brainstem to start shivering - raise body T 2. Comm. to endocrine syst (pituitary gland) to release hormones that raise metabolism. 3. Comm. to limbic (cereb.) cortex to motivate to get a sweater
40
5 phgy needs regulated by Hypothalamus
BP, T, energy metabolism, reproduction, emergency responses to stress
41
How the hypothalamus ''regulates'' (based on what)
Based on biological set points
42
Where hypothalamus receives sensory inputs from (2)
1. Sensory neurons in the body | 2. Sensory neurons within the hypothalamus
43
How ANS links physiological states to emotion and cognitive states
Through connection with hypothalamus, which is connected to the limbic system.
44
Region of the brain where limbic system is found
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
45
Relay of information (4 structures) that links phgy states to emotion/cognitive states
ANS HypothalamusAmygdalaVentromedial prefrontal cortex
46
Amygdala role (3 things to note)
Emotions Links what body does and how we feel about it Important in context of fear
47
How many amygdalas
2 amygdalas on each side of the brain
48
2 possible consequences of lesions to an amygdala
1) No phgy/emotional responses to pictures that should cause strong reactions 2) Failure to remember emotionally charged picture better than emotionally neutral ones
49
Frequency of individuals with both amygdalas lost.
Very rare

PHGY 209 (17 decks)

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