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Antebellum Exam Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

primitive

A

relating to early stages of development or something basic and undeveloped

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2
Q

infant industries

A

newly established American businesses needing protection from foreign competition

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3
Q

National Road

A

first major federally funded highway connecting the East to the West

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4
Q

American System

A

Henry Clay’s economic plan involving a national bank protective tariffs and internal improvements

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5
Q

internal improvements

A

infrastructure projects like roads and canals to promote trade and unity

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6
Q

tariff of 1816

A

protective tariff designed to shield American manufacturers from British competition

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7
Q

Second Bank of the United States

A

national bank rechartered in 1816 to stabilize currency and credit

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8
Q

specie

A

hard money like gold or silver as opposed to paper currency

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9
Q

speculative fever

A

overenthusiastic land buying with borrowed money leading to economic instability

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10
Q

Panic of 1819

A

first major U S economic crisis caused by land speculation bank failures and credit tightening

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11
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Supreme Court case affirming the constitutionality of the national bank and federal supremacy

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12
Q

contradicted

A

went against or was in conflict with another idea or statement

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13
Q

Era of Good Feelings

A

period of political unity under Monroe masking growing sectional tensions

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14
Q

Tallmadge

A

proposed amendment to ban slavery in Missouri sparking a major debate over expansion

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15
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to maintain balance

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16
Q

comity

A

mutual respect between states in dealing with legal and political matters

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17
Q

sectional division

A

growing conflict between North South and West over economic and political issues

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18
Q

dissolution of the Union

A

threat by Southern states to leave the Union if their interests were ignored

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19
Q

national people

A

concept that loyalty should be to the United States as a whole not to one region

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20
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

U S policy warning European powers not to interfere in the Americas

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21
Q

cornerstone

A

fundamental part or foundation of a policy or system

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22
Q

relinquish

A

to give up or surrender control of something

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23
Q

corrupt bargain

A

alleged deal between Adams and Clay to secure presidency in 1824 election

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24
Q

proper domain

A

appropriate area or scope of government authority

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25
patron
someone who gives political or financial support in exchange for loyalty
26
alarmed
concerned or frightened by political developments
27
Martin Van Buren
Jackson ally who organized the Democratic Party and helped expand political machines
28
counteract
to work against or reduce the effects of something
29
Party attachment
strong loyalty to a political party often above other considerations
30
apparatus
the structure or system used to organize and control political power
31
scurrilous
abusive or slanderous especially in political attacks
32
slanders
false and damaging statements about someone’s reputation
33
eloquence
the ability to speak or write persuasively and with impact
34
spoils system
Jackson’s practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs
35
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson’s informal group of trusted advisors outside the official Cabinet
36
non-producers
term Jackson used for bankers and elites who didn’t engage in physical labor
37
Whigs
party formed in opposition to Jackson favoring a strong Congress and internal improvements
38
waned
decreased in strength influence or importance
39
inculcate
to teach or instill an idea habit or value by persistent instruction
40
tariff of abominations
1828 tariff that angered the South for favoring Northern manufacturers
41
evolved
changed gradually over time especially in political stance
42
Exposition of Protest
Calhoun’s argument that states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional
43
Peggy Eaton
wife of Jackson’s cabinet member whose scandal led to tension in Jackson’s administration
44
Webster Hayne debate
Senate debate over states’ rights and federal authority involving nullification
45
nullification crisis
Southern conflict led by South Carolina challenging federal tariffs and authority
46
Force Act
law allowing Jackson to use military force to enforce federal tariffs and uphold union
47
Which president signed the Tariff of 1816
James Madison
48
Which president vetoed the Bonus Bill of 1817
James Madison
49
Which president was in office during the Panic of 1819
James Monroe
50
Which president was associated with the Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe
51
Which president issued the Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe
52
Which president did not act strongly during the Panic of 1819
James Monroe
53
Which president benefited from the corrupt bargain
John Quincy Adams
54
Which president lost the popular and electoral vote but still became president
John Quincy Adams
55
Which president formed the Democratic Party
Andrew Jackson
56
Which president fought the Bank War and vetoed the recharter
Andrew Jackson
57
Which president enforced the Force Act against nullification
Andrew Jackson
58
Which president issued the Specie Circular
Andrew Jackson
59
60
What was Madison’s view on internal improvements
He supported them in theory but vetoed federal funding without a constitutional amendment
61
What was Madison’s view on the American System
He partially supported it but believed internal improvements required an amendment
62
What was Monroe’s view on the national bank
He accepted it as useful and allowed it to operate
63
How did Monroe respond to the Panic of 1819
He took a passive hands off approach and did not intervene
64
What was Adams’ reputation after the 1824 election
He was viewed as illegitimate by Jacksonians due to the corrupt bargain
65
What was Jackson’s view on the national bank
He opposed it as a corrupt tool of elites and fought to dismantle it
66
Why did Jackson issue the Specie Circular
He believed land should only be bought with hard currency to limit speculation
67
What was Jackson’s approach to federal power during the nullification crisis
He defended national authority and was willing to use force
68
69
What caused the Panic of 1819
Over speculation western land bubbles tight credit and the SBUS demanding specie payments
70
What were the effects of the Panic of 1819
Massive unemployment farm foreclosures and public mistrust of banks
71
What caused the Missouri Compromise
Missouri’s request to join the Union as a slave state upsetting the balance of free and slave states
72
What was the effect of the Missouri Compromise
It maintained balance with Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banned slavery north of 36 30
73
What caused the nullification crisis
The tariff of abominations and Calhoun’s theory of state nullification
74
What resolved the nullification crisis
Henry Clay’s Compromise Tariff of 1833 and Jackson’s Force Act
75
76
How did Calhoun’s views shift over time
He went from nationalist to leading states rights defender due to Southern economic concerns
77
What was Calhoun’s Exposition of Protest
A document arguing that states could nullify federal laws they found unconstitutional
78
How was Calhoun’s theory similar to earlier ideas
It echoed Jefferson’s Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions which supported state nullification
79
Why did Calhoun resign as Vice President
He opposed Jackson’s stance on nullification and returned to the Senate to defend the South
80
81
What was the American System
A plan by Henry Clay to unify the economy with tariffs a national bank and internal improvements
82
Why was the National Road important
It connected the East to the West and symbolized federal support for infrastructure
83
What was the significance of the Tariff of 1816
It protected new American industries from British competition
84
Why did Jackson oppose paper money
He believed it benefited elites and wanted currency backed by specie
85
How did the spoils system change government
Jackson rewarded supporters with government jobs increasing political loyalty
86
What was the Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson’s informal group of trusted advisors outside the official Cabinet
87
What did the Monroe Doctrine declare
That European powers should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere
88
89
What does the term dissolution of the Union mean
The threat by Southern states to secede from the Union if their interests were ignored
90
What does comity mean
Mutual respect between states especially in legal and political matters
91
What was the corrupt bargain
The alleged deal between Adams and Clay to secure Adams’ presidency in 1824
92
How did party attachment change under Jackson
Political loyalty became stronger and more emotionally charged
93
What does the term non producers refer to
Jackson’s label for bankers and elites who did not engage in labor
94
Who organized the Democratic Party
Martin Van Buren
95
Why was the Peggy Eaton affair important
It caused a Cabinet split and revealed tensions in Jackson’s administration
96
What was the Webster Hayne debate
A Senate debate over states rights nullification and federal power

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