Chapter 2 Exam

Question 1

How did the English acquire land from the natives?

Answer 1

forceful treaties after military defeat: a forced contract of purchase.

Question 2

During the ____ century, there was __ warfare between colonists and Indians that created a feeling of English superiority.

Answer 2

17th, recurrent

Question 3

How did English culture affect native life?

Answer 3

European metals changed the farming, hunting, and cooking styles of the natives. They began trading commodities for novel things from the Europeans.

Question 4

How did the European settlers undermine native traditional agriculture?

Answer 4

Settlers fenced in land and introduced new crops and livestock.

Question 5

5 reasons why The Jamestown Colony wasn’t ideal.

Answer 5

• Unstable leadership
• A high death rate
• No riches
• Gentlemen who were not experienced in farming and would “rather starve than work)
• A swampy environment that facilitated malaria.

Question 6

When was Jamestown established and when did ti experience the starving time?

Answer 6

1607, Winter of 1610

Question 7

John Smith was a forceful ____

Answer 7

aristocrat

Question 8

The Virginia company shifted from finding gold to

Answer 8

farming, finding a marketable commodity to survive.

Question 9

What was the Headright system?

Answer 9

Anyone who bought passage to the Americas would get 50 acres of land.

Question 10

In Virginia, the governors’ regime was replaced with the ____ __ ____ in _____. It was the first elected assembly in colonial America.

Answer 10

House of Burgesses, 1619

Question 11

A consolidated authority of 15-20k people in Virginia. The settlers called their leader

Answer 11

Powhatan

Question 12

Story of Pocahontas

Answer 12

In a ritual to show power and mercy, Powhatan captured John Smith, threatened to kill him, and Pocahontas pretended to plead for his release. It was all staged, but Pocahontas then became an INTERMEDIARY between settlers and natives.

Question 13

Who led the uprising of 1622?

Answer 13

Opechancanough (Powhatan’s brother)

Question 14

What was the uprising of 1622?

Answer 14

Powhatan’s brother led a surprise attack on Virginia that left 1/4 of Virginia dead.

Question 15

What was the result of the uprising of 1622?

Answer 15

The settlers led a war of extinction they eventually won, and required the Powhatans to sign a treaty that forced SUBORDINATION, acknowledging the Government of Jamestown and being pushed out to tribal reservations

Question 16

The story of Tobacco

Answer 16

Tobacco saved Virginia. King James originally criticized it as harmful and gross, but it became a booming commodity in Europe. The Virginians substituted gold for tobacco for its get-rich-quick-scheme

Question 17

How did Virginian society begin to mimic ENgland’s

Answer 17

There was a wealthy LANDED GENTRY, a small group of freed indentured servants, and a vast group of landless, poor laborers.

Question 18

Who were “tobacco brides”?

Answer 18

Several dozen women came to Virginia for arranged marriages due to the avid desire to bring women to the colonies.

Question 19

Dower rights

Answer 19

Wives get 1/3 of her husband’s inheritance if he died.

Question 20

Feme sole

Answer 20

alone women who were widowed or single enjoyed an independent legal identity

Question 21

When was maryland established?

Answer 21

1632

Question 22

What kind of colony was Maryland established as

Answer 22

Proprietary colony

Question 23

Who was granted authority to Maryland? He wanted a ____ domain and a refuge for fellow _______.

Answer 23

Cecilius Calvert. Feudal domain. Catholic Congregationalists

Question 24

Nost puritians were Congregationalists. What does this mean?

Answer 24

Only independent local congregations should choose clergymen and how to worship.

Question 25

Massachusetts was established by ___ ____ to be a "____ ____ _ ____"

Answer 25

John Winthrop, city upon a hill

Question 26

Where were the pilgrims before they reached the New World and why did they leave?

Answer 26

Originally they were in the Netherlands but they left for the New World because they were afraid of corruption and their children becoming too Dutch

Question 27

Who wrote the Mayflower Compact and where?

Answer 27

The pilgrims aboard the mayflower

Question 28

In Plymouth's first year, who did they depend on for survival?

Answer 28

Native Americans like Squanto

Question 29

Why was there rapid population growth in New England?

Answer 29

There was an even sex ratio

Question 30

New England ______ The social structure of England.

Answer 30

emulated surpassed through imitation

Question 31

What was the law of 1647 in Massachusetts?

Answer 31

A law that required each town to have a school because literacy was important for reading the bible.

Question 32

Churches in New England were completely

Answer 32

decentralized

Question 33

When was the Body of Liberties est? What was it?

Answer 33

1641. A legal code showing the liberties people the New Massachusetts experience based on your social class

Question 34

When did the first African slave arrive in Massachusetts?

Answer 34

1640

Question 35

What is the story of ROGER WILLIAMS? Three things he believed and the consequences of his beliefs.

Answer 35

He was the first person to sustain criticism of the order in New England. He believed that congregations should withdraw from England completely and that Church and state should be separated and that people should have the freedom to worship what they please. He ended up banished from Massachusetts and established Rhode Island.

Question 36

Rhode Island was refuge for

Answer 36

dissenters

Question 37

Who is Anne Hutchinson?

Answer 37

She was woman preacher who argued that being elect was not based on church attendance but a pre-determined inner state of grace.

Question 38

What was Anne Hutchinson accused of

Answer 38

Antinomianism Putting your judgment over the Church

Question 39

As towns proliferated, _____ increased.

Answer 39

Native conflict

Question 40

What led to the Pequot war?

Answer 40

A fur trader was killed by a Pequot, so colonists from Connecticut and Massachusetts set the whole village on fire.

Question 41

Most Puritans came from ____ which was a ____ based region.

Answer 41

East Anglia, textile

Question 42

The New England economy was centered around

Answer 42

small family farms

Question 43

What was the Half Way Covenant in New England?

Answer 43

"You can become a half member of the church if your grandparents came during the Great Migration" This was an attempt to increase church turnout

Question 44

jeremiads

Answer 44

A spiritual warning of crop failure and disease because God disproved their decreasing faithlessness.

Question 45

What was the magna carta

Answer 45

An (english) charter (collection of laws) that tried to end civil problems between the crown and local lords who had private armies that would clash with each other and the crown.

Question 46

habeas corpus

Answer 46

English law in Magna Carta: you can't be jailed without an actual legal charge

Question 47

Power struggle between the king and parliment created ________ about what it means to be a free englishman and led to the _______ of ####. It was won by _______, who ruled the _____ army.

Answer 47

invocations, Civil war, 1642, Oliver Cromwell, parlimentary

Question 48

A writer named "___ ____" called for freedom of speech and press. The levelers were a group that gave a definition of freedom as: __________.

Answer 48

John Milton, no privilege based on social class.

Question 49

Who were the Quakers

Answer 49

A branch of Christianity based on the teachings of Anne Hutchinson

Question 50

Maryland's civil unrest known as the _______ ____ was resolved with the ____ ___ ____.

Answer 50

Plundering time, act concerning religion

Question 51

What was the Navigation Act of 1651? Who passed it?

Answer 51

Passed by Oliver Cromwell, colonial trade is limited to being with England.

Question 52

Pilgrims believed in this big puritan concept...

Answer 52

"Predestination"

Question 53

Unlike New Englanders, Chesapeakers had _____.

Answer 53

Rootlessness

Question 54

7 Reasons why John Winthrop wanted Puritans to come to the Americas.

Answer 54

1. It is their duty to spread their best version of Christianity. 2. God is going to punish EU. Let's get outta here! 3. Richard Hakluyt - overpopulation, migrate so your life is valued. 4. "increase & multiply" (bible) 5. There's no honest living in EU 6. The kids are corrupt bc English education 7. Create a "city upon a hill"

Question 55

What/when was the great migration?

Answer 55

1620 - 1640. 21k puritians migrated.

Question 56

New England society was _____. (Synonym for "sameness") This led to a complete absence of ____.

Answer 56

Homogenous. Religious toleration.

Question 57

Lots of towns in New England had _____, which were:

Answer 57

commons: an area in the middle of a town with a town hall, public meadows

Question 58

Heresy

Answer 58

Religious dissenting

Question 59

Dissenting

Answer 59

Being a minority group with a controversial opinion.

Question 60

How did Rhode Island accidentally become a precedent for religious toleration?

Answer 60

Roger Williams separated church and state. People could no longer be prosecuted for their religion because the government no longer had a say! Williams was Puritian, so he didn't like the mixing of religions, but his colony ended up becoming a precedent for religious toleration.

Question 61

Where was the Pequot War? When was the Pequot War? Why did the war start? Why was the type of fighting so significant?

Answer 61

Connecticut, 1630s, Puritans were encroaching on the Connecticut River valley. There was a total war: the English targeted non-combatants, which was non-existent in native culture.

Question 62

What is a captivity narrative

Answer 62

1st hand account of how "gruesome" it is to be captured and held hostage by natives.

Question 63

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

Answer 63

First written constiturion in the English colonies

Question 64

What region is Maryland part of

Answer 64

Chesapeake

Question 65

Similarities between the Chesapeake and New England colonies

Answer 65

Intermediaries Pale of settlement elected officials native conflicts little religious toleration

Question 66

Democratic/Governmental systems in each region

Answer 66

Chesapeake: House of Burgesses New England: Fundamental orders of Connecticut, Mayflower Compact

Question 67

What major war was in the Chesapeake and what major war was in New England

Answer 67

Uprising of 1622, Pequot War

Question 68

Wealth in New England vs Chesapeake

Answer 68

Per capita wealth was less in new England but more evenly distributed.

Question 69

because of the civil war and all the unrest in England, what it means to be free began to _____ in the colonies.

Answer 69

reverberate

Question 70

Pilgrim

Answer 70

A group of separatist puritians who settled plymouth