APUSH Antebellum Exam Flashcards
(39 cards)
What weaknesses were revealed after the War of 1812?
- Primitive Transportation and Infrastructure
- Manufacturing was an “infant industry” that needed constant government support. It was also very new due to the short-lived embargoes. When they were lifted, competition with foreign powers came along.
- Dependency on foreign goods like British goods.
What big federally-funded infastructure project was introduced in 1806?
The National Road from Maryland to Ohio
Who created/delivered the American System?
James Madison formally introduced it during his State of the Union, but it was formalized/organized by Henry Clay.
What were the three main components of the American System?
- Protective Tariff to encourage Americans to buy domestic products.
- The National Bank (Second Bank of the United States) was to give the government financial support and unify the economy.
- Internal Improvements to connect the country and make it easier to move goods, people, and information.
Who supported and who objected to the American System?
It was supported by Democratic-Republicans (North and West)
It was opposed by Southerners who feared tariffs and centralized government powers.
Which part of the American system was the most controversial and why?
Internal improvements because:
1. The Constitution did not explicitly authorize the federal government to fund infrastructure. Strict Constructionists thought it was for the states.
2. The South didn’t want their tax dollars funding projects for other states (their transportation was better off).
3. Fear of centralized power/ favoring certain regions
- Is it constitutional?
- Who benefits (north) and who pays (south)
- Overpower from the federal government.
What law came out of the American System, and why is it significant?
The Tariff of 1816 was the first protective tariff in U.S. history. It raised taxes on imported goods and was meant to protect infant industries.
Why did the Southerners (initially) support the tariff of 1816?
It was seen as a post-war necessity that would strengthen the North and eventually benefit it. However, his was short-lived because the South was agrarian and imported many goods. Some also saw the tariff may become permanent or increase. They quickly turned against the tariff by the 1820s.
What did the Second Bank of the United States do?
A controversial privatized institution that made paper money, taxed, and paid government debt.
What was the result of the overprinting and spec
What was the issue of the Second Bank of the United States and paper money during this period? Why did banks overprint?
Explain the causes of the Panic of 1819
- State banks overissued paper money not backed by specie
- SBUS overexpanded credit for land purchases to encourage speculation.
- SBUS suddenly tightened credit in 1818, demanding payment in specie.
Effects of the Panic of 1819
- Land prices collapsed (economic bubble burst)
- Speculators, farmers, and small businesses couldn’t pay back their loans with specie and went bankrupt.
- Beep mistrust of SBUS (especially in the West and South)
Explain The Causes of Mculloch v. Maryland
After the panic, many states, including Maryland, were made at the SBUS for causing so many bankruptcies.
Maryland tried to tax the Baltimore branch of the SBUS to weaken/drive it out.
James McCulloch, who ran that bank, refused to pay the tax.
maryland sued.
What did John Marshall’s Supreme Court decide?
Congress had the power to create the SBUS (necessary and proper), and states could not tax federal institutions because the federal government is supreme over the states, and taxing the federal government is putting too much leverage on the states.
When was the Era of Good Feelings?
James Monroe’s two terms of one-party government
What was the Missouri Crisis (1819-1820)
There was a huge debate over whether Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state or free state, because it would tip the balance in the senate.
What did James Tallmadge (Congressman from NY) propose to solve the Missouri Crisis and what is its reaction?
The Tallmadge Amendment
He proposed that Missouri come in as a slave state, can’t import new slaves, and current children will be freed when they turn 25.
Passed the house, rejected the Senate, sparked fierce debate.
What was the Missouri Compromise and who devised it?
Crafted by Henry Clay
Missouri will be a slave state, but then Maine will be carved out of Massachusetts to make a new free state.
No other state (except Missouri) above the 36 30 line can have slaves.
This was the final resolution
What were the Constitutional flaws in Missouri’s constitution as soon as it joined?
Prohibited free blanks to enter, which many cited as violation of the constitution’s “comity” clause, which required states to respect rights given in other states.
What did the Missouri Crisis reveal?
The cliche sectional division, where Southeners supported slavery and Northerners refused (they refused mostly because of the 3/5 clause and not morality).
Who wrote the Monroe Doctrine?
John Quincy Adams (Monroe’s secretary of state)
What led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine?
Lots of newly established Latin American democratic nations emerged as the Spanish empire was crumbling.
What were the 3 components of the Monroe Doctrine, and what legacy did it leave?
- The U.S. opposes European colonization
- Abstain from foreign entanglements.
- Warn Europe not to mess with Latin America.
The doctrine became the cornerstone of foreign policy and established the U.S. as a powerful country in the Americas.
Who were the four candidates in the election of 1824?
There were 4 candidates
John C. Calhoun
Andrew Jackson
John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
