Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Question 1

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Question 2

What forms the anterior border of the anterior triangle?

Answer 2

“Imaginary” midline of the neck

Question 3

What forms the posterior border of the anterior triangle?

Answer 3

Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 4

What forms the base of the anterior triangle?

Answer 4

Mandible

Question 5

What are the divisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 5

• Submental
• Submandibular
• Carotid
• Muscular

Question 6

What lies in the submental division?

Answer 6

• Submental lymph nodes
• Beginning of anterior jugular vein

Question 7

What lies in the submandibular division?

Answer 7

• Submandibular salivary glands
• Submandibular lymph nodes
• Facial artery + vein
• Carotid sheath
• Hypoglossal nerve

Question 8

What lies in the carotid division?

Answer 8

• Carotid sheath
• Branches of external carotid artery
• Internal jugular vein
• Hypoglossal, accessory, and vagus nerves

Question 9

What lies in the muscular division?

Answer 9

• Sternohyoid and sternothyroid form floor where thyroid gland lies
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Oesophagus

Question 10

What is this muscle? picture

Answer 10

Platysma

Question 11

What is the origin of the platysma?

Answer 11

Fascia above pect. major and clavicle

Question 12

What is the insertion of the platysma?

Answer 12

• Lateral neck
• Mandible

Question 13

What is the innervation of the platysma?

Answer 13

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 14

Where does the external jugular vein lie?

Answer 14

Anterior to sternocleidomastoid
(posterior triangle)

Question 15

Where does the internal jugular vein lie?

Answer 15

Posterior to sternocleidomastoid
(anterior triangle)

Question 16

What makes up the cervical plexus?

Answer 16

Anterior rami C1-4

Question 17

Describe the cervical plexus/

Answer 17

• Joined loops
• Lie anterior to levator scapulae and scalenus medius

Question 18

What covers the cervical plexus?

Answer 18

Pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 19

What type of innervation does the cervical plexus provide?

Answer 19

• Somatic motor and sensory
• Sympathetic

Question 20

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 20

C1 - lesser occipital
C2 - great auricular
C3 - transverse cervical
C4 - supraclavicular

Question 21

What are the motor branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 21

• Nerve to SCM
• Nerve to levator scapulae
• Nerve to trapezius
• Phrenic nerve
• Nerve to sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid
• Ansa cervicalis
• Nerve to thyrohyoid
• Nerve to geniohyoid

Question 22

Define suprahyoid.

Answer 22

Between hyoid bone and skull/mandible

Question 23

Define infrahyoid.

Answer 23

Between hyoid bone and sternum/thyroid cartilage

Question 24

Name the suprahyoid muscles. picture

Question 25

What is the function of the mylohyoid and digastric muscles?

Answer 25

Raise hyoid bone/depress mandible

Question 26

What innervates the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric muscle?

Answer 26

Facial nerve

Question 27

What innervates the anterior belly of digastric and the mylohyoid?

Answer 27

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

Question 28

Name the infrahyoid muscles. picture

Question 29

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 29

Depress hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage

Question 30

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 30

- Ansa cervicalis - Thyrohyoid innervated by C1 via hypoglossal nerve CNV12)

Question 31

What makes up the common carotid artery?

Answer 31

- Left carotid artery from arch of aorta - Right carotid artery from the brachiocephalic

Question 32

What are the terminal branches of the common carotid artery?

Answer 32

- Internal carotid artery - External carotid artery

Question 33

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 33

Brain

Question 34

What does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 34

- Head - Face - Neck

Question 35

The common carotid artery lies in a sheath with what else?

Answer 35

- Internal jugular vein - Vagus nerve

Question 36

What are the 3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery in the anterior triangle (superior to inferior)

Answer 36

- Facial artery - Lingual artery - Superior thyroid artery

Question 37

What is the tenth cranial nerve?

Answer 37

Vagus nerve

Question 38

What branches of the vagus nerve supply the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 38

- Left recurrent laryngeal - Right recurrent laryngeal

Question 39

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Answer 39

Endocrine

Question 40

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

Answer 40

Regulates metabolic rate

Question 41

What are the features of the thyroid gland?

Answer 41

- 2 lobes - Isthmus - Capsule

Question 42

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 42

From lamina of thyroid cartilage to 6th tracheal ring

Question 43

Where is the isthmus located?

Answer 43

Over 2nd or 3rd tracheal ring?

Question 44

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 44

Posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 45

Describe the arterial supply to the thyroid gland?

Answer 45

- Superior thyroid artery - Inferior thyroid artery - One of each on both sides

Question 46

What is the superior thyroid gland a branch of?

Answer 46

First anterior branch of the external carotid artery

Question 47

What is the inferior thyroid gland a branch of?

Answer 47

Branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Question 48

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland.

Answer 48

- Superior thyroid vein - Middle thyroid vein - Inferior thyroid vein - On both sides

Question 49

What do the inferior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 49

- Both L and R drain into the left brachiocephalic vein

Question 50

Describe the position of the submandibular salivary gland.

Answer 50

- Inferior to mylohyoid - Part in floor of mouth superior to mylohyoid

Question 51

Where do the ducts of the submandibular salivary gland open?

Answer 51

Between first and second lower incisor (either side of frenulum)

Question 52

What innervates the submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 52

CNV 7 (facial nerve)