Pelvic Floor and Wall

Question 1

FEATURES OF THE INNOMINATE BONE

Answer 1

Question 2

What type of joint is that lumbosacral joint?

Answer 2

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 3

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 3

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 4

FEATURES OF THE SACRUM

Answer 4

Question 5

What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments form?

Answer 5

• Greater sciatic foramen
• Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 6

What type of joint is at the anterior sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 6

Synovial joints

Question 7

What type of joint is at the posterior sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 7

Fibrous

Question 8

What type of joint is at the posterior sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 8

Fibrous

Question 9

Identify this muscle.

Answer 9

Iliacus

Question 10

What is the origin and insertion of the iliacus?

Answer 10

Origin = Iliac fossa
joins psoas = iliopsoas
Insertion = lesser trochanter of femur

Question 11

What is the function of the iliacus muscle?

Answer 11

Hip flexion

Question 12

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

Answer 12

Femoral nerve

Question 13

Identify this muscle.

Answer 13

Psoas

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of the psoas muscle?

Answer 14

Origin = T12-L4 bodies and IV discs (superficial) and L1-5 (deep)
Insertion = Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 15

What is the function of the psoas muscle?

Answer 15

• Hip flexion
• Bend trunk laterally
• Raise trunk from supine position

Question 16

What is the innervation of psoas muscle?

Answer 16

Lumbar plexus direct branches L2-4 ant. rami

Question 17

Identify this muscle.

Answer 17

Obturator internus

Question 18

What is the origin and insertion of the obturator internus?

Answer 18

Origin = inner surface of obturator membrane
Insertion = medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 19

What is the function of the obturator internus muscle?

Answer 19

Lateral rotation of the hip

Question 20

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

Answer 20

Nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5,S1)

Question 21

Identify this muscle.

Answer 21

Piriformis

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion of the piriformis?

Answer 22

Origin = pelvic surface of sacrum
Insertion = greater trochanter of femur

Question 23

What is the function of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 23

Lateral rotation of the hip joint

Question 24

What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

Answer 24

Nerve to piriformis direct branch of sacral plexus (S1,2)

Question 25

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 25

Muscular floor to prevent prolapse

Question 26

What 2 muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 26

- Levator ani - Coccygeus

Question 27

Identify this muscle.

Answer 27

Coccygeus

Question 28

What is the origin and insertion of the coccygeus muscle?

Answer 28

Origin = ischial spin and sacrospinous ligament Insertion = coccyx and inferior sacrum

Question 29

What is the function of the coccygeus?

Answer 29

- Support pelvic viscera - Flexion of the coccyx

Question 30

What is the innervation of the coccygeus?

Answer 30

Direct branches from sacral plexus (S4,5)

Question 31

What happens when the levator ani relaxes?

Answer 31

- Urination - Defecation

Question 32

What are the levator ani muscles?

Answer 32

- Pubococcygeus - Iliococcygeus

Question 33

What is the pubococcygeus divided into?

Answer 33

- Puborectalis - Levator prostatae (males) - Pubovaginalis (females)

Question 34

Identify the coccygeus, iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus in this diagram.

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the pubococcygeus in males.

Answer 35

- Most medial fibres pass around prostate - Insert into perineal body (levatore prostatae)

Question 36

Describe the pubococcygeus in females.

Answer 36

- Most medial fibres pass around vagina - Insert into perineal body (pubovaginalis)

Question 37

What innervates the pubococcygeus?

Answer 37

- Motor innervation from pudendal nerve - Nerve to levatore ani

Question 38

Describe the puborectalis.

Answer 38

- Fibres mix wit ext. and int. anal sphincter - "sling" around rectum to help with faecal continence

Question 39

What innervates the puborectalis?

Answer 39

- Pudendal nerve S2-4 - Nerve to levatore ani (S4)

Question 40

Where does the iliococcygeus attach? (tendinous arch of levatore ani)

Answer 40

- Fascia of the obturator internus - Anococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate

Question 41

What innervates the iliococcygeus?

Answer 41

- Pudendal nerve - Nerve to the levator ani

Question 42

What makes up the perineal body?

Answer 42

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 43

What attaches to the perineal body?

Answer 43

- Levator prostatae - Pubovaginalis - External anal sphincter - Perineal muscles

Question 44

Where is the parietal pelvic fascia located and what does it form?

Answer 44

- Covers internal wall - Thickened over obturator internus to form tendinous arch of pelvis

Question 45

What does the parietal pelvic fascia form anteriorly in males?

Answer 45

Puboprostatic ligament

Question 46

What does the parietal pelvic fascia form anteriorly in females?

Answer 46

Pubovesical ligament

Question 47

What is the function of the visceral pelvic fascia?

Answer 47

- Covers organs

Question 48

Where do the parietal and visceral fascia blend?

Answer 48

As organs pierce the pelvic floor

Question 49

What is the paracolpium?

Answer 49

Lateral extension of visceral fascia from vagina to tendinous arch

Question 50

What is the function of endopelvic fascia?

Answer 50

Acts as packing material around organs

Question 51

What are the 2 types of endopelvic fascia?

Answer 51

- Loose - Condensed

Question 52

What is the function of loose endopelvic fascia?

Answer 52

Fills spaces in the pelvis

Question 53

What is condensed endopelvic fascia?

Answer 53

Thickenings of the fascia

Question 54

What is the primary condensation of condensed endopelvic fascia?

Answer 54

Hypogastric sheaths running along posterolateral walls of pelvis