Plantar Surface of the Foot

Question 1

Name the bones of the foot

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the deep fascia of the plantar surface.

Answer 2

• Thick central portion
• Weaker medially and laterally

Question 3

What forms the superficial ligament of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 3

Central portion of deep fascia

Question 4

What is the proximal attachment of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 4

Calcaneous

Question 5

How many bands does the plantar aponeurosis divide into distally?

Answer 5

5 bands

Question 6

What are the 5 bands of the distal plantar aponeurosis continuous with?

Answer 6

Fibrous digital sheaths

Question 7

What are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 7

• Extensor digitorum brevis
• Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 8

What is in the lateral compartment of the foot?

Answer 8

• Abductor digit minimi
• Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 9

What is in the central compartment of the foot?

Answer 9

• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Muscles associated with tendon of FDL
• Adductor hallucis

Question 10

What is in the medial compartment of the foot?

Answer 10

• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor hallucis brevis

Question 11

What is muscle 1?

Answer 11

Abductor hallucis

Question 12

What is the origin and insertion of the abductor hallucis

Answer 12

Origin = Medial tubercle of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum
Insertion = Medial base proximal phalanx

Question 13

What innervates the abductor hallucis?

Answer 13

Medial plantar nerve (S1-3)

Question 14

What is muscle 2?

Answer 14

Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 15

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 15

Origin = medial tubercle of calcaneous
Insertion = middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Question 16

What innervates the flexor digitorum brevis?

Answer 16

Medial plantar nerve (S1,2)

Question 17

What is muscle 3?

Answer 17

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 18

What is the origin and insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 18

Origin = med. and lat. tubercle of calcaneous
Insertion = lat. base proximal phalanx

Question 19

What innervates the abductor digiti minimi?

Answer 19

Lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)

Question 20

What makes up layer 1 of the foot?

Answer 20

• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis
• Abductor digiti minimi

Question 21

What makes up layer 2 of the foot?

Answer 21

• Long flexor tendons to the toes (FHL and FDL)
• Lumbricals
• Quadratus Plantae

Question 22

What muscles are at *?

Answer 22

Lumbricals

Question 23

What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals?

Answer 23

Origin = Tendons of the flexor digiti longus
Insertion = medial side of dorsal tendon expansion

Question 24

What innervates the lumbricals?

Answer 24

1st = medial plantar neve (S1,2)
2nd-4th = lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)

Question 25

What muscle is this? (QP)

Answer 25

Quadratus plantae

Question 26

What is the origin and insertion of the quadratus plantae?

Answer 26

Origin = med. and lat. surfaces of calcaneous Insertion = lateral side of FDL tendon

Question 27

What innervates the quadratus plantae?

Answer 27

Lateral plantar nerve (S1-3)

Question 28

What makes up the 3rd layer of the foot?

Answer 28

- Flexor hallucis brevis - Adductor hallucis - Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 29

What is this muscle? (FHB)

Answer 29

Flexor hallucis brevis

Question 30

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 30

Origin = Cuboid and lat. cuneiform Insertion = both sides base proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 31

What innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?

Answer 31

Medial plantar nerve (S1,2)

Question 32

What is this muscle? (AdH)

Answer 32

Adductor hallucis

Question 33

What is the origin of the 2 heads of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 33

Transverse head - Plantar ligament of MTP joints Oblique head - Base metatarsals 2-4

Question 34

What is the insertion of the adductor hallucis?

Answer 34

Lateral side base proximal phalanx of hallux

Question 35

What innervates the adductor hallucis?

Answer 35

Lateral plantar nerve (S2,3)

Question 36

What is this muscle *?

Answer 36

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 37

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

Answer 37

Origin - base 5th metatarsal Insertion - base proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Question 38

What makes up the 4th layer of the foot?

Answer 38

- 3 plantar interossei - 4 dorsal interossei

Question 39

What is the attachment of the plantar interossei?

Answer 39

Bases and med. side of metatarsals 3-5 --> med. side of proximal phalanx of digits 3-5

Question 40

What is the function of the plantar interossei?

Answer 40

Adduction

Question 41

What is the attachment of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 41

Adjacent side of metatarsals 1-5 ---> 1st on med. side proximal phalanx of 2nd digit/ 2nd-4th on lat. side proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th digits

Question 42

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

Answer 42

Abduction