anthropology bullshit that i dont know why we have to learn

Question 1

Forager societies

Answer 1

• Nomadic
  
  • Extensive plant knowledge
  • Women gather, men hunt
  • Diet varies w season
  • Reciprocal sharing
  • Limited food storage

Question 2

Origin of farming

Answer 2

began farming 10k years ago

Question 3

settled agriculture involves:

Answer 3

cultivation: deliberate sowing and management of plants
domestication: Human modification of plants and animals, involves genetic change

Question 4

8 center of origins
and what was produced in these areas
what did they have in common

Answer 4

1) China - tea and soybean
2) India - cucumber and nutmeg
3) Central asia rice and sugar cane
4) Near east (fertile crescent) wheat barely rye oats
5) Mediterranean - canola and cabbage
6) Ethiopia sorghum, yam, and coffee
7) Mesoamerica maize and beans
8) South america potato, pepper, tomato
* b/w 20-45 latitude
Microclimates that allow for maximum morphological and physiological variation

Question 5

Cradle of civilizaiton:

Answer 5

Agriculture began in Fertile Crescent of Mesopotamia

Question 6

8 Founder crops

Answer 6

• Barley
• Lentils
• Chickpeas
• Oats
• Alfalfa
• Flax
• Emmer wheat
  Einkorn wheat

Question 7

effects of agriculture

Answer 7

• Pop increase and large families
• Permanent settlements
• Complex social structures bx division of labour and land ownership
• Conflict
• Dependence on fewer plants and animals
• Dependence on stored food
• Famine and feast- crop failiure
• Human and animal waste
• Pests and pathogens

Question 8

greek mfs

Answer 8

subsistence farmers
surplus food from families fueled civilization

Question 9

Advances

Answer 9

Crop rotation 1200-1300 CE
- Columbian exchange 1492
○ Trading from new world to old world
○ Smallpox and measles- hella natives dead
- Mechanization: 1750
- Mineral Fertilizaer:
- Pesticides 60s -70s
- Green Revolution 1970
- Biotechnology

Question 10

Father of the Green Revolution

Answer 10

Norman Borlaug

Question 11

green revolution

Answer 11

• Stem rust disease wiped out bc of breeding
  
  • Semi dwarf varieties
• Production of N fertilizer
• Basically increased yields all over the world

Question 12

developping world agricuktyure

Answer 12

less mechanized
- High labor inputs
- Low level of inputs
- Multicropping
* 2 crops grown in same field in same year
- Intercropping
* 2 crops grown at same time in sam efield
- Subsistence- sales @ local market

Question 13

devellopped world agriculture

Answer 13

• Sustainable, organic , intensification
• Monocultures: one crop type and genotype in field

Question 14

Sustainable agriculture

Answer 14

minimal tillage, integrated crop management
- Minimize pesticides by suing other methods
- Reintigration of plants and animal argiculture
Requires more human input

Question 15

sustainable intensification

Answer 15

Agriculture yields increased without adverse environmentatl impacts