taxonomy once again

Question 1

• Algae

Answer 1

Live in water
Sexual organs (sporangia and gametangia) have unicellular layer in algae

Question 2

Plants

Answer 2

○ Live on land
- Cuticle
-Sexual organs surrounded by layer of sterile cells

• Multicellular embryos stay in parental tissue

Question 3

Both plants and algae

Answer 3

-Chlorophyll A, Starch, cellulose, carotenoids
○ Plants and green algae may share common ancestor

Question 4

Differences b/w all Major Plants

Answer 4

• Bryophytes
  ○ Do not have Vasc tissue, seeds, or flowers
• Ferns (seedless vascular plants)
  -Have vascular tissue, no seeds or flowers
• Gymnosperm
  ○ Have vascular tissue and seeds. Do not have flowers
• Angiosperm
  Have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers

Question 5

how many species bryophyes

Answer 5

23k

Question 6

what do bryophtes include

Answer 6

mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Question 7

bryophyte characteristics

Answer 7

-dominant gametophyte

-no roots or true xylem

-water absorbed directly

-some are tolerant to desiccation

Question 8

Bryophytes reproduction

Answer 8

○ In order to reproduce sexually, need external water
○ Gemma cups - asexual reproduction

Question 9

gemma cups

Answer 9

Small discs of tissue that grow into new gametophytes

Question 10

Byrophyte habitat

Answer 10

○ Moist, shady places, tress logs, bogs and wetlands

Question 11

peat mosses

Answer 11

bryophytes
○ In waterlogged environments

○ High water holding capacity

○ Acidify water around them

○ Anti microbial properties
Specialized cells for water storage

Question 12

peat mosses conditions lead to

Answer 12

○ Waterlogged conditions, low temps, acidity lead to:
1) Slow breakdown of organic matter = large amount of accumulated C
2) Damage to peatlands = hella C released

Question 13

• Calamites

Answer 13

○ Giant horsetails
○ Extinct trees, swampy carboniferous
○ Massive aerial stems
○ Grew from rhizomes
○ Stems have large pith and xylem with tracheids

Question 14

• Phylum Psilophytes

Answer 14

○ Lack roots, anchored by rhizome
○ Stem bears enations
○ Psilotum, tmesipteris
seedless vasculars- fern relative

Question 15

○ Enations

Answer 15

are outgrouwths that look like leaves but no vascular tissue

Question 16

• Tree fern

Answer 16

○ Psaronius
○ Widespread during youngest carboniferous
Looks like palm tree
fernlike

Question 17

• Phylum Lycophytes

Answer 17

○ Club mosses, ground pine
○ Found on forest floor
○ Have true roots and stem
○ Selaginella, is heterospory
fernlike

Question 18

• Phylum Horsetails

Answer 18

○ Tiny, whorled, scalelike leaves
○ Stems photosynthesize
○ Sporangia at tip of stems
Equisetum is living fossil
fernlike

Question 19

• Phylum Ferns

Answer 19

○ Leaves large and divided
○ Underground stem = rhizome

○ Sori:
Fonds unroll and expand

Question 20

sori

Answer 20

clusters of sporangia

Question 21

how many species of ferns

Answer 21

○ 11k sps

Question 22

fern habitat

Answer 22

○ Abundant in tropical region
○ Also in cool regions

Question 23

ground pine

Answer 23

Lycopodium
a lycophyte

Question 24

psilophyte example

Answer 24

Psilotum (whisk ferns) and Tmesipteris

Question 25

peat mosses name

Answer 25

Sphagnum mosses

Question 26

rolled up frond

Answer 26

fiddlehead

Question 27

seedless vascular plants included phylums

Answer 27

Phylum Psilophyte
Phylum Lycophyte
Phylum Horsetails
Phylum Ferns

Question 28

Liverwort example

Answer 28

Marchantia

Question 29

leaflet

Answer 29

Pinnule

Question 30

extention of petiole

Answer 30

rachis