taxonomy once again Flashcards
- Algae
Live in water
Sexual organs (sporangia and gametangia) have unicellular layer in algae
Plants
○ Live on land
- Cuticle
-Sexual organs surrounded by layer of sterile cells
- Multicellular embryos stay in parental tissue
Both plants and algae
-Chlorophyll A, Starch, cellulose, carotenoids
○ Plants and green algae may share common ancestor
Differences b/w all Major Plants
- Bryophytes
○ Do not have Vasc tissue, seeds, or flowers - Ferns (seedless vascular plants)
-Have vascular tissue, no seeds or flowers - Gymnosperm
○ Have vascular tissue and seeds. Do not have flowers - Angiosperm
Have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers
how many species bryophyes
23k
what do bryophtes include
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
bryophyte characteristics
-dominant gametophyte
-no roots or true xylem
-water absorbed directly
-some are tolerant to desiccation
Bryophytes reproduction
○ In order to reproduce sexually, need external water
○ Gemma cups - asexual reproduction
gemma cups
Small discs of tissue that grow into new gametophytes
Byrophyte habitat
○ Moist, shady places, tress logs, bogs and wetlands
peat mosses
bryophytes
○ In waterlogged environments
○ High water holding capacity
○ Acidify water around them
○ Anti microbial properties
Specialized cells for water storage
peat mosses conditions lead to
○ Waterlogged conditions, low temps, acidity lead to:
1) Slow breakdown of organic matter = large amount of accumulated C
2) Damage to peatlands = hella C released
- Calamites
○ Giant horsetails
○ Extinct trees, swampy carboniferous
○ Massive aerial stems
○ Grew from rhizomes
○ Stems have large pith and xylem with tracheids
- Phylum Psilophytes
○ Lack roots, anchored by rhizome
○ Stem bears enations
○ Psilotum, tmesipteris
seedless vasculars- fern relative
○ Enations
are outgrouwths that look like leaves but no vascular tissue
- Tree fern
○ Psaronius
○ Widespread during youngest carboniferous
Looks like palm tree
fernlike
- Phylum Lycophytes
○ Club mosses, ground pine
○ Found on forest floor
○ Have true roots and stem
○ Selaginella, is heterospory
fernlike
- Phylum Horsetails
○ Tiny, whorled, scalelike leaves
○ Stems photosynthesize
○ Sporangia at tip of stems
Equisetum is living fossil
fernlike
- Phylum Ferns
○ Leaves large and divided
○ Underground stem = rhizome
○ Sori:
Fonds unroll and expand
sori
clusters of sporangia
how many species of ferns
○ 11k sps
fern habitat
○ Abundant in tropical region
○ Also in cool regions
ground pine
Lycopodium
a lycophyte
psilophyte example
Psilotum (whisk ferns) and Tmesipteris
