Taxonomy Flashcards
Taxonomy
○ Involves decribing, naming, and classifying organisms
Nomenclature
○ A system of naming objects
Taxon
○ Taxonomic group at any level of hierachical system
Monophyletic group
○ Includes all descemdamts of of common ancestor AND common ancestor itself
Binomial system of nomenclature
System where all organisms given two word latin scientific name –> AKA species name
Common names
different names given to same species
varieties scientific name
3 parts
Cultivars
cultivated varieties that arised from human activity
Wild species nomenclature rule thing
International code of botanical nomenclature
where does the naming for vascular plants start?
Species Planatarum
Linnaeus
○ Published Species Plantarum
○ Develops latin names
○ Binomials: Abreviated names to two parts
○ Placed one too many species in each genus
Cultivated plants rules for naming
International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants
rules for naming
1) unique name and description must be published
2) A- type specimen must be deposited at herbarium and available to study
A- type specimen
A preserved plant that is deposited is a herbarium
Dichotomous keys
○ Used to aid in identifying organisms
- User presented with pair of choices for character states of character or feature of organism
Species
○ Set of individuals closely related by descent from common ancestor
○ Fundamental level of classification
- Genus
○ Closely related species are grouped together into genera
Significant event timeline evolution
1) 3.5 bya Origin of Life
2) 1.5 - 2 bya prokaryote into a eukaryote
3) Eukaryotes evolved to have mitochondria and endoplasmic retuculum, aswell as nuclei, creating hella evokutionary lines
how many estimated eukaryote species
9 million
name all domains
Domain archaea
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
name all kingdoms
Kingdom Archaeabacteria
○ Kingdom Eubacteria
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
significance of cyanobacteria
- Produce oxygen, fix nitrogen, have chlorophyll
- Chloroplasts may have originated from cyanobacteria living in other cells
Symbiotic w shit - As the Oxygen produced accumulated, photosynthetic organisms appeared and forms of aerobic respiration developed
Phylogenic trees and their history or whatever
Phylogenic trees constantly evolving
○ Darwin–> Haeckel –> current(genome sequences)
○ Should only consist of monophyletic groups
- Polyphyletic groups
○ derived from more than one common ancestor and is therefore not suitable for placing in same taxon
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