Anthropology Lecture 5

Question 1

wrote about unilineal evolution

Answer 1

Lewis Henry Morgan

Question 2

three eras of unilineal evolution

Answer 2

savage, barbarian (domestication), and civilization

Question 3

believed conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat caused social change in the Industrial Revolution

Answer 3

Marx

Question 4

believed capitalism led to technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution

Answer 4

Marx

Question 5

distinguished gemeinschaft and gesselschaft

Answer 5

Tonnies

Question 6

gemeinschaft

Answer 6

community

Question 7

gesselschaft

Answer 7

society

Question 8

wrote about collective conscience

Answer 8

Durkheim

Question 9

mechanical solidarity, and its theorist

Answer 9

close-knit and smaller, less division of labor, religious; Durkheim

Question 10

organic solidarity, and its theorist

Answer 10

less close-knit and larger, greater division of labor; Durkheim

Question 11

did Durkheim believe organic or mechanical solidarity superior

Answer 11

organic

Question 12

didn’t think cultures could evolve in only one way

Answer 12

Steward

Question 13

White

Answer 13

believed cultural evolution was unilineal, formulated a general evolutionary theory for culture, and believed technology helps one harness energy and adapt to nature

Question 14

cultural base, and its coiner

Answer 14

existing inventions, White

Question 15

opposite of technological determinism, according to who

Answer 15

social constructivism, Volti

Question 16

material and nonmaterial culture and cultural lag

Answer 16

Ogburn

Question 17

adaptive culture

Answer 17

adjusts to material innovations; lack results in cultural lag

Question 18

convergence theory

Answer 18

cultures becoming similar

Question 19

why can’t the average person control technology today

Answer 19

expertise or managerial status required

Question 20

author of McDonaldization

Answer 20

Ritzer

Question 21

extends Weber’s rationalization

Answer 21

McDonaldization

Question 22

diffusion helps

Answer 22

nations develop technologically

Question 23

happened in Nazi Germany

Answer 23

brain drain

Question 24

adopting a foreign technology requires the right supporting

Answer 24

infrastructure, including workforce, capital for development, supporting technologies, and key resources

Question 25

problems with adoption of foreign technologies

Answer 25

technologies remove labor, contribute to inequality, consume resources, may fail in new setting, may fail due to lack of capital

Question 26

appropriate technologies

Answer 26

boost production, increase employment, help wealth distribution, empower people, help economic independence, preserve environment, and can be built and serviced with local materials and knowledge

Question 27

appropriate technology also known as

Answer 27

intermediate technology

Question 28

issues that can hinder adoption of appropriate technology

Answer 28

lack of funding and government issues

Question 29

Mesthene's three one-dimensional views about technology and society

Answer 29

as motor of all progress; as curse; as uninteresting because it's been studied since industrial revolution