Anthropology Lecture 5 Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

wrote about unilineal evolution

A

Lewis Henry Morgan

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2
Q

three eras of unilineal evolution

A

savage, barbarian (domestication), and civilization

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3
Q

believed conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat caused social change in the Industrial Revolution

A

Marx

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4
Q

believed capitalism led to technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution

A

Marx

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5
Q

distinguished gemeinschaft and gesselschaft

A

Tonnies

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6
Q

gemeinschaft

A

community

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7
Q

gesselschaft

A

society

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8
Q

wrote about collective conscience

A

Durkheim

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9
Q

mechanical solidarity, and its theorist

A

close-knit and smaller, less division of labor, religious; Durkheim

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10
Q

organic solidarity, and its theorist

A

less close-knit and larger, greater division of labor; Durkheim

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11
Q

did Durkheim believe organic or mechanical solidarity superior

A

organic

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12
Q

didn’t think cultures could evolve in only one way

A

Steward

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13
Q

White

A

believed cultural evolution was unilineal, formulated a general evolutionary theory for culture, and believed technology helps one harness energy and adapt to nature

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14
Q

cultural base, and its coiner

A

existing inventions, White

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15
Q

opposite of technological determinism, according to who

A

social constructivism, Volti

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16
Q

material and nonmaterial culture and cultural lag

17
Q

adaptive culture

A

adjusts to material innovations; lack results in cultural lag

18
Q

convergence theory

A

cultures becoming similar

19
Q

why can’t the average person control technology today

A

expertise or managerial status required

20
Q

author of McDonaldization

21
Q

extends Weber’s rationalization

A

McDonaldization

22
Q

diffusion helps

A

nations develop technologically

23
Q

happened in Nazi Germany

24
Q

adopting a foreign technology requires the right supporting

A

infrastructure, including workforce, capital for development, supporting technologies, and key resources

25
problems with adoption of foreign technologies
technologies remove labor, contribute to inequality, consume resources, may fail in new setting, may fail due to lack of capital
26
appropriate technologies
boost production, increase employment, help wealth distribution, empower people, help economic independence, preserve environment, and can be built and serviced with local materials and knowledge
27
appropriate technology also known as
intermediate technology
28
issues that can hinder adoption of appropriate technology
lack of funding and government issues
29
Mesthene's three one-dimensional views about technology and society
as motor of all progress; as curse; as uninteresting because it's been studied since industrial revolution