Flashcards in Anthropology Lecture 5 Deck (29):
1
wrote about unilineal evolution
Lewis Henry Morgan
2
three eras of unilineal evolution
savage, barbarian (domestication), and civilization
3
believed conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat caused social change in the Industrial Revolution
Marx
4
believed capitalism led to technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution
Marx
5
distinguished gemeinschaft and gesselschaft
Tonnies
6
gemeinschaft
community
7
gesselschaft
society
8
wrote about collective conscience
Durkheim
9
mechanical solidarity, and its theorist
close-knit and smaller, less division of labor, religious; Durkheim
10
organic solidarity, and its theorist
less close-knit and larger, greater division of labor; Durkheim
11
did Durkheim believe organic or mechanical solidarity superior
organic
12
didn't think cultures could evolve in only one way
Steward
13
White
believed cultural evolution was unilineal, formulated a general evolutionary theory for culture, and believed technology helps one harness energy and adapt to nature
14
cultural base, and its coiner
existing inventions, White
15
opposite of technological determinism, according to who
social constructivism, Volti
16
material and nonmaterial culture and cultural lag
Ogburn
17
adaptive culture
adjusts to material innovations; lack results in cultural lag
18
convergence theory
cultures becoming similar
19
why can't the average person control technology today
expertise or managerial status required
20
author of McDonaldization
Ritzer
21
extends Weber's rationalization
McDonaldization
22
diffusion helps
nations develop technologically
23
happened in Nazi Germany
brain drain
24
adopting a foreign technology requires the right supporting
infrastructure, including workforce, capital for development, supporting technologies, and key resources
25
problems with adoption of foreign technologies
technologies remove labor, contribute to inequality, consume resources, may fail in new setting, may fail due to lack of capital
26
appropriate technologies
boost production, increase employment, help wealth distribution, empower people, help economic independence, preserve environment, and can be built and serviced with local materials and knowledge
27
appropriate technology also known as
intermediate technology
28
issues that can hinder adoption of appropriate technology
lack of funding and government issues
29