Anthropology Lecture 5 Flashcards
(29 cards)
wrote about unilineal evolution
Lewis Henry Morgan
three eras of unilineal evolution
savage, barbarian (domestication), and civilization
believed conflict between bourgeoisie and proletariat caused social change in the Industrial Revolution
Marx
believed capitalism led to technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution
Marx
distinguished gemeinschaft and gesselschaft
Tonnies
gemeinschaft
community
gesselschaft
society
wrote about collective conscience
Durkheim
mechanical solidarity, and its theorist
close-knit and smaller, less division of labor, religious; Durkheim
organic solidarity, and its theorist
less close-knit and larger, greater division of labor; Durkheim
did Durkheim believe organic or mechanical solidarity superior
organic
didn’t think cultures could evolve in only one way
Steward
White
believed cultural evolution was unilineal, formulated a general evolutionary theory for culture, and believed technology helps one harness energy and adapt to nature
cultural base, and its coiner
existing inventions, White
opposite of technological determinism, according to who
social constructivism, Volti
material and nonmaterial culture and cultural lag
Ogburn
adaptive culture
adjusts to material innovations; lack results in cultural lag
convergence theory
cultures becoming similar
why can’t the average person control technology today
expertise or managerial status required
author of McDonaldization
Ritzer
extends Weber’s rationalization
McDonaldization
diffusion helps
nations develop technologically
happened in Nazi Germany
brain drain
adopting a foreign technology requires the right supporting
infrastructure, including workforce, capital for development, supporting technologies, and key resources