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PHARM 3 > anti-epileptics > Flashcards

anti-epileptics Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

simple partial sz

A

no LOC

abnl activity of a single limb or muscle group

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2
Q

complex partial sz

A

LOS

motor dysfunction

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3
Q

generalized sz

A

immediate LOC

no evidence of localized onset

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4
Q

absent sz EEG

A

spike and wave pattern (3 Hz)

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5
Q

drugs that block voltage gated Na+ channels

A

phenytoin
carbamazepine
lamotrigine
zonisamide

may contribute to effects of: phenobarbital, valproate, topiramate

prevent AP and stop release of glutamate

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6
Q

phenytoin

A

drugs that block voltage gated Na+ channels

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7
Q

carbamazepine

A

drugs that block voltage gated Na+ channels

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8
Q

lamotrigine

A

drugs that block voltage gated Na+ channels

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9
Q

zonisamide

A

drugs that block voltage gated Na+ channels

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10
Q

drugs that block t- type calcium channels

A

ethosuximide
valproate

used for absence seizures

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11
Q

ethosuximide

A

drugs that block t- type calcium channels

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12
Q

valproate

A

drugs that block t- type calcium channels

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13
Q

drugs that enhance GABA transmission postsynaptically

A

benzodiazepines
barbiturates
topiramate

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14
Q

drugs that enhance GABA transmission presynaptically

A

tiagabine = inhibit GABA reuptake

vigabatrin = inhibit degradation of GABA - via inhibition of GABA aminotransferase

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15
Q

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission post-synaptically

A

phenobarbital

topiramate

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16
Q

topiramate

A

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission post-synaptically

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17
Q

phenobarbital

A

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission post-synaptically

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18
Q

gabapentin

A

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission pre-synaptically

via blocking presynaptic VG Ca2+ channels

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19
Q

pregabalin

Study These Flashcards
A

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission pre-synaptically

via blocking presynaptic VG Ca2+ channels

20
Q

Levetiracem

Study These Flashcards
A

drugs that reduce glutamatergic transmission pre-synaptically - via binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A

21
Q

main drugs used for partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic sz

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Levetiracetam
  • Zonisamide
  • Phenytoin
  • Valproate
  • Lamotrigine
  • Topiramate
  • Phenobarbital
22
Q

tonic clonic general seizures main drugs used

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Valproate
  • Lamotrigine
  • Phenytoin
  • Topiramate
23
Q

DOC for absence seizures

Study These Flashcards
A

ethosuximide

valproate = atypical absent seizures (if EEG doesn’t match normal absence sz) and if tonic-clonic sz present

24
Q

myoclonic sz DOC

Study These Flashcards
A

valproate

topiramate also used

levetiracetam used as adjunctive

25
atonic sz DOC
valproate and lamotrigine often refractory to all drugs
26
febrile convulsions tx
<15 mins = supportive therapy >15 mins = diazepam IV/rectal
27
status epilepticus algorithim
IV lorazepam --> IV phenytoin/fosphenytoin --> IV phenobarbital --> general anesthesia with IV midazolam/propofol/barbituates
28
drug induced seizures in non-epileptic pt tx
diazepam lorazepam phenobarbital
29
break through seizure tx
diazepam rectal gel
30
anti-epileptics that induce p450
carbamazepine phenobarbital phenytoin
31
anti-epileptic that inhibits p450
valproate
32
valproate AE
hepatotoxic p450 inhibitor inhibits metabolism of several drugs
33
phenytoin AE
``` diplopia gingival hyperplasia coarsening of facial features in children hirsutism steven johnson's ``` 0 order elimination
34
carbamazepine AE
aplastic anemia agranulocytosis stevens johnson
35
anti-epileptics that can cause steven johnsons
phenytoin lamotrigine** carbamazepine phenobarbital
36
which anti-epileptic has a black box warning
lamotrigine = stop at first sight of rash
37
phenobarbital AE
``` sedation stevens johnson tolerance hyperactivity p450 inducer ```
38
primidone AE
same metabolite of phenobarbital - same AE ``` sedation stevens johnson tolerance hyperactivity p450 inducer ```
39
vigabatrin AE
visual field loss
40
feblamate AE
aplastic anemia hepatotoxicity used for refractory epilepsy
41
discontinuing anti-epileptic tx
if sz free for 3-5 years SLOW - esp with benzo and barb - to avoid withdrawal seizures
42
anti-epileptic OD
rarely lethal most dangerous = respiratory depression
43
highest rate of fetal malformations out of anti-epileptics
valproate
44
newborn hemorrhagic dz with anti-epilep
enzyme induced anti-epileptics can inc degradation of vit K should supplement mom and newborn with vit K
45
first line for essential termor
primidone | propranolol

PHARM 3 (21 decks)

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