Anti-infective Drugs

Question 1

Acyclovir

Answer 1

Nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat herpes simplex interactions such as genitals, labials, encephalitis

Question 2

Albendazole

Answer 2

Benzimidazole drugs binds to beta-tubulin and inhibibits polymerization of tubulin dimers for intestinal nematode infections

Question 3

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer 3

beta-lactam antibiotic, beta-lactamase inhibitor for respiratory tract infections, clavulanate has no antimicrobial activity by itself

Question 4

Amphotericin B

Answer 4

Antifungal agent, binds ergosterol and increases membrane permeability allowing leakage of cell contents (Ampho- TEAR-able). Candidiasis

Question 5

Azithromycin

Answer 5

Macrolide antibiotic , binds 50S ribosome prevents peptide elongation and translocation from acceptor site to peptide site; for respiratory tract infections

Question 6

Aztreonam

Answer 6

Beta-lactam antibiotic, monobactam bindings penicillin-binding proteins including transpeptidases inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan.

Question 7

Caspofungin

Answer 7

Antifungal agent; echonocandin drug inhibits synthesis of fungal cell wall component b-1-3-D-glucan.

Question 8

Cefazolin

Answer 8

beta lactam antibiotic; first generation cephalosporin binds penicillin-binding proteins including transpeptidases inhibiting cross linking of cell wall peptidolycan

Question 9

Cefepime

Answer 9

beta lactam antibiotic; fourth generation cephalosporin, binds PBPs (penicillin binding proteins) resistant to Beta-lactamases

Question 10

Ceftriaxone

Answer 10

beta lactam antibiotic; third generation cephalosporin binds PBPs including transpeptidases inhibiting cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan

Question 11

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 11

Fluoroquinolone drug inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) and Type IV; prevents DNA replication and separation of chromosomes (decatenation); Used for UTIs

Question 12

Clindamycin

Answer 12

Aminosugar antibiotic binds 50S ribosomes prevents translocation of nascent peptide from acceptor site to peptide site

Question 13

Doxycycline

Answer 13

Tetracycline antibiotic protein synthesis inhibit binds 30S, reversibly inhibits binding of transfer RNA to acceptor (aminoacyl) site.

Question 14

Efavirenz

Answer 14

Antiretroviral agent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inibitor. Used for HIV

Question 15

Enfuvirtide

Answer 15

Antiretroviral, binds HIV GP41 and blocks fusion of HIV with host cell i.e CD4

Question 16

Erythromycin

Answer 16

Macrolide antibiotic binds 50S for respiratory tract infections such as pharyngitis

Question 17

Ethambutol

Answer 17

Antitubercular agent; synthetic butanol derivative, bacteriostatic against mycobacteria; can inhibit RNA synthesis

Question 18

Foscarnet

Answer 18

Antiviral agent pyrophosphate derivative, blocks pyrophosphate-binding sites on viral DNA polymerases

Question 19

Fosfomycin

Answer 19

Antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor; inhibits enolpyruvyl transferase and addition of phosphoenol pyruvate

Question 20

Ganciclovir

Answer 20

Antiviral agent; Nucleoside analogue that is converted to ganciclovir triphosphate which inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 21

Gentamicin

Answer 21

Aminoglycoside antibiotic binds 30S ribosome preventing initiation of protein synthesis causes misreading of genetic code

Question 22

Griseofulvin

Answer 22

Antifungal agent, fungistatic antibiotic; disrupts microtubules and mitosis of dematophytes; deposits in keratin precursor cells of skin, hair, nails.

Question 23

Imipenem-cilastatin

Answer 23

beta lactam antibiotic, carbapenem antibiotic combined with a dehydropeptidase inhibitor for endocarditis, pneumonia, UTIs

Question 24

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer 24

Antitubercular agents nicotinic acid derivative reduces catalase-peroxidase which inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of cell wall; resistance due to mutations to KatG gene for catalase-peroxidase; Used for tuberculosis

Question 25

Itraconazole

Answer 25

Antifungal agent, synthetic triazole drug inhibits 14-a-demethylase. for Blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis

Question 26

Ivermectin

Answer 26

Antiparasidic agent, antihelmintic antibiotic activates glutamate-gated Cl- ion channel causing pharyngeal muscle depolarization and paralysis

Question 27

Levofloxacin

Answer 27

Antibacterial fluoroquinolone drug inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and IV (DNA gyrase) preventing DNA replication

Question 28

Linezolid

Answer 28

Antibacterial drug, oxazolidinone protein synthesis inhibitor, binds 23S ribosomal component of 50S preventing formation of 70S initiation complex,

Question 29

Maraviroc

Answer 29

Anti-HIV agent, chemokine co-receptor CCR5 antagonist

Question 30

Mefloquine

Answer 30

Antimalarial agent, 4-quinoline methanol derivative, inhibits erythrocytic schizogony.

Question 31

Metronidazole

Answer 31

Antiprotozoal agent, nitroimidazole; forms nitrofree radicals that attack DNA and proteins: Amebiasis, giardiasis

Question 32

Miltefosine

Answer 32

Antiprotozoal agent; Membrane active phospholipid inhibits metabolism of glycolipids

Question 33

Mupirocin

Answer 33

Antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor competes with isoleucine for binding bacterial tRNA synthase

Question 34

Nafcillin

Answer 34

beta lactam antibiotic

Question 35

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 35

UTI antibacterial agent, nitrofuran drug inhibits bacterial enzymes; treatment and prophylaxis of UTIs caused by E coli, Staphylococcus saprophytic and others

Question 36

Oseltamavir (Tamiflu)

Answer 36

Antiviral agent, neuraminidase inhibitor inhibits influenza A and B neuraminidase preventing release and spreading of viral particles.

Question 37

Paromomycin

Answer 37

Antiprotozoal agent, aminoglycoside antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis

Question 38

Penicillin G

Answer 38

Beta-lactam antibiotic narrow spectrum penicillin

Question 39

Pentamidine

Answer 39

Antiprotozoal agent Amidino-pentane derivative disrupts nucleic acid synthesis in protozoa

Question 40

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Answer 40

Beta lactam antibiotic antipseudomonal penicillin and beta-lactamse inhibitor

Question 41

Praziquantel

Answer 41

Antihelminic agent, isoquinoline derivative, increases Ca2+ permeability of schotosome tegument, curing contraction and exposing antigens to host immunity.

Question 42

Primaquine

Answer 42

Antimalarial agent

Question 43

Pyrimethamine

Answer 43

Antiprotozoal agent, folate reductase inhibitor

Question 44

Quinine

Answer 44

Antimalarial agent, 4-aminoquinoline drugs binds plasmodial DNA and prevents replication and transcription during erythrocytic schizogony

Question 45

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Answer 45

Streptogramin antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor of 50S

Question 46

Raltegravir

Answer 46

Anti-HIV agent; integrase DNA strand transfer inhibitor

Question 47

Ribavirin

Answer 47

Broad-spectrum antiviral agen guanosine analogue use for RSV infections in kids

Question 48

Rifampin

Answer 48

Antitubercular agent, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase used for tuberculosis, leprosy

Question 49

Ritonavir-Iopinavir

Answer 49

Antiretroviral agent, HIV protease inhibitors

Question 50

Streptomycin

Answer 50

Aminoglycoside antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor binds 30S ribosome use for Drug-resistant tuberculosis, plague tularemia

Question 51

Terbinafine

Answer 51

Antifungal agent allylamine drug for fingernail infection

Question 52

Trifluridine

Answer 52

Antiviral agent thymidine analogue inhibits herpes simplex DNA polymease

Question 53

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer 53

Antibacterial agent, folate antagonist, UTI

Question 54

Vancomycin

Answer 54

Glycopeptide antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor, binds d-alanyl-d-alanine portion of peptidoglycan, prevents cross-linking of d-alanine and peptaglycine chain

Question 55

Zidovudine

Answer 55

Antiretroviral drug; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.