Chemo Drugs

Question 1

Anastrozole

Answer 1

Estrogen antagonist; Nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor; used for locally advanced, metastatic, or advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Adx: Nausea headache hot flashes back pain.

Question 2

Bleomycin

Answer 2

DNA intercalating agent; Lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma. Adx: Pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation, mucocutaneous toxicity, hematologic toxicity; Hematologic toxicity increased by radiation and other antineoplastic agents. Cisplatin decreases elimination.

Question 3

Carmustine

Answer 3

Nitrosurea bifunctional alkylating agent for brain tumors, myeloma, lymphomas

Question 4

Cetuximab

Answer 4

Monoclonal antibody that binds EGFR that is overexposed in colorectal cancer (used with irinotecan) and HENT with radiation.

Question 5

Cisplastin

Answer 5

Reactive platinum compound that forms reactive metabolites that covalently bond DNA bases and cross-links DNA strands. Less bone marrow suppression than most antineoplastic agents. For HENT, testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder, lung, etc. Has additive nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics.

Question 6

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 6

Nitrogen mustard bifunctional alkylating agent, HOD, lymphomas, leukemias, converted to active by P450

Question 7

Doxorubicin

Answer 7

DNA intercalating agent, colors urine red, for breast, ovarian, bladder. Adx: Cardiomyopathy (dose-limiting), anemia, leukopenia, diarrhea, vomiting, alopecia

Question 8

Etoposide

Answer 8

podophyllotoxin; topoisomerase inhibitor, testicular, small-cell carcinoma; lymphoma; leukemia

Question 9

Fluorouracil

Answer 9

pyrimidine antimetabolite; inhibits thymidylate synthase; cell cycle S-phase specific

Question 10

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

Answer 10

Monoclonal antibody and cytotoxic antibiotic binds CD33 antigens on hematopoietic cells and is sequestered in lysosomes, for CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia

Question 11

Imatinib

Answer 11

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor; inhibits oncoprotein (brc-Abl) tyrosine expressed by Philadelphia chromosome; inhibits leukemic cell proliferation and induces

Question 12

Leuprolide

Answer 12

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue for treatment of advanced prostate cancer

Question 13

Mercaptopurine

Answer 13

Purine antimetabolite, inhibits purine biosynthesis and salvage pathways; S-phase specific

Question 14

Methotrexate

Answer 14

Folate reductase inhibitor; S-phase specific

Question 15

Paclitaxel

Answer 15

Mitotic inhibitor by binding tubular and prevents depolymerization of microtubules (M-cycle specific)

Question 16

Tamoxifen

Answer 16

Estrogen receptor antagonist and partial agonist competes with estrogen for receptors in breast and other tissues; suppresses breast tumor growth, contraindicated during pregnancy or lactation

Question 17

Trastuzumab

Answer 17

Monclonal antibody that binds Human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) receptor on breast cancer cells.

Question 18

Vincristine

Answer 18

Vinca alkaloid mitotic inhibitor that binds tubulin and prevents polymerization of tubular dimers to form microtubules of mitotic spindle; cell cycle M-phase specific. Hogkins, lymphomas, leukemias, Naseau, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy