antibiotics Flashcards
(60 cards)
penicillin mech. of action?
D-Ala-D-Ala structural analog, binds p-binding proteins (transpeptidase), blocks transpeptidase cross-licking of petidoglycan.
Use: gram+: S. pyogenes, S. pneumo, spirochetes, N. meningitidis
penicillinase sensitive penicillins are? mech. of action?
Amoxillin, ampicillin, aminopenicillins, same mech. as penicillin. calvulanic acid is added to protect against betalactamase. USE for HHELPSS
H flu, H pylori, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella
penicillinase resistant penicillins are? mech. of action?
dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin. Use naf for staph
antipseudomonal? mech. of action?
piperacillin, ticarcillin, same as penicillin
aminoglycosides mech. of action?
genta-, neo-, amica-,tobra-,strepmycin, 30S, bacteriocidal, only gram -
Means caNNOT kill aerobs:
Nephro-,Neuro-,Ototoxic, Teratogenic
OTOTOXIC
tetracyclines mech. of action?
tetra, doxy, minocycline, 30S, prevent attachment to tRNA, bacteriostatic USE: borrelia burg, m. pneumo, rickettsia, chlamydia
TEETH DISCOLO. INHI. BONE GROWTH
Cephalosporins
beta-lactam drugs that inhibit the CELL WALL synthesis less susceptible to penilinases. Bacteriacidal. Not covered by LAME: Listeria, Atypicals( Chlamydia, Mycoplasma), MRSA, and Enterococci.
1rst gen. covers gram+ PEcK: Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella
Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2nd gen. (cefaclor, cefoxin, cefuroxime, cetotetan) gram+
2nd graders wear fake fox fur to tea parties
2nd gen. -HENS PEcK:
H.flu, Entero, Neisseria spp, Serratia,
Proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella
beta lactam inhibitors
CAST: Clavulanic acid, Avibactam, Sulbactam, Tazo
Carbapenems
DIME: Dori-, Imi-, Mero-, Erta- life threatening situations
Bread spectrum, Beta-lactamase resistant carbapenem. given with cilastin (ihibits the renal dehydropeptidase 1)
the kill is lasting with cilastin
Use gram+ and - rods
Vanco
Inhibits cell wall peptidoglacan formation of D-Ala-D-Ala portion, mostly Bactericidal
Use: Gram+, MRSA, S. Epi, Enterococcos, Clostridium Difficile
nemonic for 30s and 50s
Buy AT 30 and CCEL at 50
30s: Aminoglycocydes and Tetracycline
50s: Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Linezolid
Chloramphenicol
Blocks pepidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunit. Bacteriostatic
USE: Meningitis: H.flue, Neisseria, S.pneumo and reskesial diseases
SE: Aneamia, GRAY BAPY (def. of UDP-glucoronidase in premature b.)
Clidamycin
blocks peptides transfer (translocation) at 50S
USE: Aerobic infec: (clostridium perf. and bacteroidis) inaspiration pneumo, lung abcess, and oral infection and strep A
SE: Pseudomembraneous colitis (C.diff.)
ERYTHROTOXIC
Macrolites
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin -Thromycin
inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translocation (macroslides); binds to 23rRNA of the 50s ribusomal subunit. bateriostatic.
Use: atypical pneumonis (Myco, Clamy, Legio-), STI: clamy., gram+ Srep. for those with penicillin allergies
SE: MACRO: Motiliy, Arrthmia, Cholestatic Hep.,Rash, eOsinophiles
Sulfonamides
Sulfamthoxazole SMX, Sulf-
Inhibits dihydropterotate synthase, thus inhi. folate synthesis
USE: gram+, gram-, Norcardia. TMP-SMX for simple UTI
SE: Hemolysis in G6PD
KERNICTERUS
Dapsone
similar to sulfonamides, but structually diff.
USE: leprosy
SE: hemolysis in G6PD, agranulocytosis
Trimethroprim
ihibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. bacteriostatic
USE: TMP-SMX for UTIs, samonella, shigella, pseudom
SE: Hyperkalemia, TMP Treats Marrow Poorly
Fluroquinolones
Cipro-, levo- -floxacin
inhibit prokaryotic enzymes topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. batericidel
USE: Gram - rods UTI and GI includo Pseudo, some gram +, otitis externa
Fluroquinolones hurts the attachments to your bones
Cipro inhibits P-450
CARTELAGE DAMAGE
Metronidazole
Forms toxic free radical metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA. Bacteriocidal, antiprotozoal
GET GAP on the Metro with methronidazol
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichmonas, Gardinella, Anerobes (C.diff, bacteriodes)
can be used in place of amox. in H. pylori
treats anaerobic infection below the diaphram
SE: disulram-like wiht alcohol: flushing, hypotension, tachycardia;
metallic tast, headache
Rifamycins
Rifampin, Rifa- 4R#s
RNA polymerase inhib. DNA-dependent
Ramps up mito. cyto- P-450, BUT rifaBUTin does not
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resitance alone
Isoniazid
decreases mycolid acid synthesis, bacteriocidal catalase poxidase (encoded by KatG) needed to convert INH to active metabolite
SE: INH Injures Neurons and Hepatocydes
and inhibits P-450
Pyrainamide
mech unknown, ph -phagolysomes
hepatotoxic
Ethambutol
decreases carbohydrate polymerization cell wall blocking arabinosyltranferase.
Eyethambutol
prophylaxes for HIV CD4 count?
<200 TMP-SMX, PCP
<100 TMP-SMX, Pneumocystis and toxplasmosis
<50 Azithromycin or Clarthromycin Mycob. Avium
