Antibiotics

Question 1

What two things destroy penicillin?

Answer 1

beta-lactamases

amidases

Question 2

What is a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin?

Answer 2

Methicillin
Flucloxacillin
Temocillin

Question 3

Name two broad-spectrum penicillins.

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Question 4

Name infections a cephalosporin would be used to treat.

Answer 4

Septicaemia
Meningitis
Biliary tract infection
Sinusitis

Question 5

What is aztreonam used to treat?

Answer 5

Pseudomonas infections
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
(all Gram-neg bacteria)

Question 6

What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

Answer 6

Glycopeptide

Question 7

How does vancomycin act on bacteria?

Answer 7

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 8

How do beta-lactams kill bacteria?

Answer 8

Inhibit cell wall synthesis or function

Question 9

Name the sub-categories of beta-lactams.

Answer 9

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Question 10

How do quinolines kill bacteria?

Answer 10

Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase with or without topoisomerase IV

Question 11

How does metronidazole kill bacteria?

Answer 11

Creates free radicals which damage bacterial DNA through interaction

Question 12

Which antibiotics interact with the 50s subunit of bacterial ribosomes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis?

Answer 12

Macrolides
Clindamycin
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Chloramphenicol

Question 13

Which antibiotics interact with the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosomes leading to inhibition of protein synthesis?

Answer 13

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Tigecycline

Question 14

What are the most commonly used antibiotic type?

Answer 14

Beta-lactams

Question 15

Name five cephalosporins.

Answer 15

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefotetan
Ceftriaxone
Cefepime

Question 16

Name the carbapenems.

Answer 16

Metropenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem

Question 17

What type of antibiotic is aztreonam?

Answer 17

Monobactam

Question 18

What is the most common type of bacteria that produce beta-lactamases?

Answer 18

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 19

What is amoxiclav (augmentin) a combination of?

Answer 19

Amoxicillin and clavulonic acid (beta-lactamase inhibitor)

Question 20

What is penicillin good for treating?

Answer 20

Streptococcal infection

Also has fair coverage of enterococcus and anaerobes

Question 21

What is amoxicillin primarily used for treating?

Answer 21

Enterococcus and anaerobe infections

Can also cover gram-negative bacteria if used in conjunction with beta-lactamase inhibitor

Question 22

What infection would cephalexin treat?

Answer 22

Gram-positive infections

Also has fair coverage of gram-negative bacteria

Question 23

What do carbapenems not cover?

Answer 23

MRSA
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
Acinetobacter
Stenotrophomonas
Atypicals

Question 24

What carbapenems are active against pseudomonas?

Answer 24

Imipenem

Meropenem

Question 25

Name 3 quinolones.

Answer 25

Ciprafloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin

Question 26

What should quinolines not be taken with?

Answer 26

Antacids, and cations such as iron and calcium

Question 27

Which type of antibiotic have poor CNS penetration?

Answer 27

Quinolones

Question 28

What infections is ciprafloxacin good to treat?

Answer 28

Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas Also has fair coverage of atypicals and MSSA

Question 29

What is levofloxacin used to treat?

Answer 29

Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria Atypicals Also have fair coverage of pseudomonas

Question 30

What infections are amino glycosides most commonly used to treat?

Answer 30

Serious infections caused by aerobic gram-negative rods, includes pseudomonas

Question 31

Name 3 aminoglycosides.

Answer 31

Gentamycin Tobramycin Amikacin

Question 32

When should amino glycosides not be used?

Answer 32

In nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade

Question 33

Which gram-positive series of bacteria are natural penicillins (i.e. penicillin G) not good for?

Answer 33

Staphylococcus bacteria

Question 34

Name 2 macrolides.

Answer 34

Erythromycin | Clarithromycin

Question 35

Name an antibiotic type used if someone is allergic to penicillin.

Answer 35

Macrolide