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Pharmacology Test 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

folic acid inhibitor

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2
Q

Sulfonamides common indications

A

CA-MRSA, UTI, PCP Tx and prophylaxis

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3
Q

Sulfonamides major ADRs

A

rash, SJS, renal, heme

high incidence of allergy and resistance

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4
Q

Sulfonamides examples

A

SMX/trimethoprim (Bactrim)
Silvadene (topical for burns)
class C/D

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5
Q

Penicillins MOA

A 
bacteriocidal, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
class B
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6
Q

Penicillins major ADRs

A

allergy, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, superinfection

monobactams- n/v/d, seizure, leukopenia

carbapenems - heme, altered bleeding, seizures

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7
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins spectrum and indications

A

gram +, N. meningiditis

strep, syphilis, meningitis, pharyngitis, endocarditis, CAP

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8
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins examples

A

PCN G (IV), PCN G (IM)
benzathine - DOC for syphilis
PCN V K (PO)

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9
Q

extended spectrum penicillins spectrum and indications

A

gram +, gram - especially E. coli, H. flu, proteus)

UTI, AOM, meningitis, sinusitis

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10
Q

extended spectrum penicillins examples

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin
piperacillin - often combined with beta lactamase inhibitors
ticarcillin - often combined with beta lactamase inhibitors

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11
Q

Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins spectrum and indications

A

beta lactamase producing gram + (staph), some gram -

serious or resistant infections like endocarditis, osteomyelitis

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12
Q

PCNs + beta lactamase inhibitors spectrum and indications

A

beta lactamase producing gram + (staph) and gram - (H. flu, gonococci, pseudomonas)

pneumonia, sinusitis, bite wounds, diabetic foot ulcers

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13
Q

PCNs + beta lactamase inhibitors examples

A

amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
ticarcillin/clavulanate
ampicillin/sulbactam
piperacillin/tazobactam

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14
Q

monobactam spectrum and indications

A

most gram - (pseudomonas)

pneumonias, sepsis

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15
Q

monobactam examples

A

aztreonam

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16
Q

carbapenems spectrum and indications

A

very broad spectrum

serious nosocomial infections, intra-abdominal infections, gun shot wounds, pendicitis

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17
Q

carbapenems examples

A

imipenem/cilistatin
meropenem
ertapenem
doripenem

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18
Q

cephalosporins MOA

A

bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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19
Q

cephalosporins ADRs

A

allergy, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, superinfection, headache, rare heme effects

Class B

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20
Q

1st generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

good for gram +, limited gram -

skin and soft tissue infections, UTI, surgical prohylaxis

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21
Q

1st generation cephalosporin examples

A

cefazolin

cephalexin

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22
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

good for gram +, some gram - –> H. flu

URTI, AOM, CAP, PID

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23
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin examples

A

cefcalor
cefotetan
cefoxitin
cefuroxime (PO and IV)

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24
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin spectrum and indications

A

less gram +, more gram -

AOM, pneumonias, intra-abdominal infections, sepsis, UTI, lymes, gonorrhea, DOC for endocarditis and meningitis

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25
3rd generation cephalosporins examples
**cefdinir **cefixime ceftriaxone ceftazidime cefotaxamine ceftizoxime
26
4th generation cephalosporins spectrum and indications
best for gram - used to treat infections due to multi drug resistant bacteria
27
4th generation cephalosporins examples
cefipime
28
5th generation cephalosporins spectrum and indications
MRSA coverage used to treat infections due to multi drug resistant bacteria
29
5th generation cephalosporins examples
ceftaroline
30
fluroquinolones MOA
bacteriocidal; inhibits DNA topoisomerase Class C
31
fluroquinolones spectrum and indications
very broad spectrum UTI, prostatitis, enteritis, traveler's diarrhea, intra-abdominal infection, URTI, neutropenia, sinusitis, bronchitis, Legionella, CAP, mycobacterial infections, soft tissue infections, DOC for anthrax
32
fluroquinolones ADRs
GI, rash, photosensitivity, CNS, rash, tendinopathy in elderly CONTRAINDICATED in CHILDREN <18 DDI w/ antacids, vitamins, dairy products
33
fluroquinolones examples
all end in floxacin respiratory = gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin
34
macrolides MOA
bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal (high concentrations); inhibits protein synthesis on 50s ribosomal subunit Class B
35
macrolides spectrum and indications
gram + cocci and bacilli, some gram - bacilli and cocci; chlamydia, spirochetes, mycobacteria URTI, skin and soft tissue infections, AOM DOC for mycoplasma, pneumonia, endocarditis
36
macrolides examples
erythromycin
37
advanced macrolides MOA
bacteriocidal, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis on 50s ribosomal subunit
38
advanced macrolides spectrum and indications
same as erythromycin but with more gram - coverage same as erythromycin + LRTI, sinusitis, all CAP, genitourinary tract infection, STDs, PID, MAC, H. pylori in PUD
39
advanced macrolides ADRs
IV form can cause ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, less GI effects many DDIs
40
macrolides ADRs
significant GI effects, IV form can cause ototoxicity and thrombophlebitis many DDIs
41
advanced macrolides examples
azithromycin (B) | clarithromycin (C)
42
tetracyclines MOA
bacteriostatic | inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal unit
43
tetracyclines spectrum and indications
some gram +, some gram -, some anaerobes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, lyme disease, PID, chlamydia, syphilis, acne, anthrax
44
tetracyclines ADRs
yellow/gray teeth, weak bones, n/v/d, fever, rash, photosensitivity, severe nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity DDIs with antacids, vitamins, dairy products
45
tetracyclines examples
tetracycline (D) doxycycline (D) minocycline (D)
46
aminoglycosides MOA
bacteriocidal | inhibit bacterial protein synthesis at 30s ribosomal unit
47
aminoglycosides spectrum and indications
better gram - than most classes serious infections such as septicemia, RTI, post op and intra-abdominal infections, complicated and recurrent UTI, febrile neutropenia
48
aminoglycoisdes ADRs
significant nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity only given parenterally usually given with other antibiotics to reduce dose/toxicity
49
aminoglycosides examples
``` gentamicin streptomycin neomycin tobramycin amikacin ```
50
Chloramphenicol (C) MOA
inhibits protein synthesis at 50s subunit
51
Chloramphenicol (C) spectrum and indications
extremely wide spectrum typhoid fever, increasing indications due to bacterial resistance for other drugs
52
Chloramphenicol (C) ADRs
very toxic, only given as last resort drug bone marrow suppression irreversible and often fatal gray baby syndrome
53
Vancomycin (C) MOA
bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
54
Vancomycin (C) spectrum and indications
gram + and anaerobes, MRSA endocarditis, osteomyelitis, other serious infections, often reserved for MRSA, PO form for C. diff
55
Vancomycin (C) ADRs
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, RED MAN SYNDROME edema, HTN monitor serum levels
56
Metronidazole (B) MOA
enters anaerobic cells, disrupts DNA, inhibits DNA synthesis
57
Metronidazole (B) spectrum and indications
anaerobes and protozoa DOC for C. diff trichomoniasis, giardiasis, non-gonococcal urethritis, PID, anaerobic and mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections, amebiasis and amebic liver abscess caused by E. histolyitica, H. pylori, PUD, rosacea
58
Metronidazole (B) ADRs
h/a, dark urine, rash, antabuse reaction NO ALCOHOL often added to broad spectrum for increased coverage in some infections
59
Clindamycin (B) MOA
inhibits protein synthesis at 50s subunit
60
Clindamycin (B) spectrum and indications
gram + and some anaerobes strep, staph, MSSA, (when allergic to other antibiotics);PID, vaginosis
61
Clindamycin (B) ADRs
similar to macrolides, IV used most often, high incidence of C. diff diarrhea do not use for more than 10 days

Pharmacology Test 2 (7 decks)

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