Antibiotics Part 2 Flashcards
Multidrug Resistant Organisms
Organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Methicillin-resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
MRSA
Threat of MRSA becoming resistant to all antibiotics currently available
No longer just seen in hospitals
VRE
Usually seen in urinary tract infections
Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin and Neomycin (Neo-fradin)
Neomycin is the only oral form
Bactericidal; kill mostly gram-negative
Very potent antibiotics with serious toxicities
Indications for Aminoglycosides
Gram-negative bacteria
Used in combination with other antibiotics for synergistic effects
Given parenterally (except for Neomycin)
Neomycin given before surgery to decontaminate the bowel
Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Peak Level
Should be taken 30 minutes after an IM injection or IV infusion
Trough Level
Help to determine the frequency of dosage
Quinolones
Excellent oral absorption
Effective against gram-negative organisms
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Indications for Quinolones
Complicated urinary tract, respiratory, bone and joint, skin, sexually transmitted infections
USED FOR ANTHRAX
Interactions with Quinolones
Antacids, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, sucralfate
Dairy products, enteral tube feedings
Oral anticoagulants
Must take interacting drugs at least 1 hour prior
Adverse Effects of Quinolones
Ruptured tendons, tendonitis
Prolong the QT interval –> Cardiac dysrhythmias
Miscellaneous Antibiotics
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Vancomycin (Vancocin, Vancoled)
Metronidazole
Used for anaerobic organisms
Intra-abdominal and gynecologic infections
Protozoal infections
Vancomycin
Treatment of choice for MRSA and other gram-positive infections
Must monitor blood levels to ensure therapeutic levels
May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
RED MAN SYNDROME
Must be infused over 60 minutes
