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Clinical Immunology > Antibodies > Flashcards

Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the function of IgG

A
  1. Diffuses readily into extravascular spaces
  2. Neutralizes toxins, and opsonizes microbes to tag them for phagocytosis by neutrophils or macrophages.
  3. Complement activation
  4. Neonatal imunity
  5. Feedback inhibition of B cells
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2
Q

Describe characteristics of IgG (serum concentration, half-life, size, structure)

A

Highest serum concentration
Longest half-life
150 kDa
Monomer (2 light chains and 2 heavy gamma chains)

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3
Q

Describe IgA function

A
  1. Mucosal immunity. Found in colostrum, tears, saliva, sweat, intestinal fluids, endothelial
  2. Defends external body surfaces
  3. GI and respiratory tract secretion (binds secretory component glycoprotein -> forms secretory IgA)
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4
Q

IgG is increased in which disease conditions?

A
  1. Infectious disease (hepatitis, rubella, mono)
  2. Collagen disorders (rheumatoid arthritis)
  3. Hematologic disorders (poly/monoclonal gammopathies, monocytic leukemia, Hodgkin)
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5
Q

Describe characteristics of IgA (serum concentration, half-life, size, structure)

A

Second highest serum concentration (10-15% Ig pool)
Second longest half-life
320 kDa
Dimer held by J-chain
Less susceptible to proteolytic cleavage

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6
Q

IgA increased in which disease conditions?

A
  1. Infectious disease (TB, actinomycosis)
  2. Collagen disorders (rheumatoid arthritis)
  3. Hematologic disorders (polyclonal gammopathies, monocytic leukemia, monoclonal gammopathy)
  4. Liver disease (Laennec cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis)
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7
Q

Describe IgM functions

A
  1. Naive B cell antigen receptor in monomeric form
  2. Complement activation (pentameric form) and is more efficient than IgG at this
  3. Agglutination (better than IgG at this)
  4. First Ab produced in immune response
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8
Q

Describe characteristics of IgM (serum concentration, half-life, size, structure)

A

Third highest serum concentration (10% Ig pool)
Third longest half-life
900 kDa (biggest)
Pentamer/monomer (high avidity)

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9
Q

IgM increased in which disease conditions?

A
  1. Infectious diseases (Malaria, mono, leprosy, actinomycosis, trypanosomiasis, subacute bacterial endocarditis
  2. Collagen disorders (scleroderma)
  3. Hematologic disorders (polyclonal/monoclonal gammopathies, monocytic leukema)
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10
Q

Describe IgD function

A

Not much known
Monomeric B cell membrane receptor

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11
Q

Describe characteristics of IgD (serum concentration, half-life, size, structure)

A

Less than 1% of Ig pool
MW 180 kDa
Highly susceptible to proteolysis
Second shortest half-life
Monomer

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12
Q

Describe IgE function

A

Defense against helminthic parasites
Immediate hypersensitivity/allergic reactions

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13
Q

Describe characteristics of IgE (serum concentration, half-life, size, structure)

A

Trace concentrations
MW 200 kDa
Shortest half-life

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14
Q

What are 5 important factors of antigens?

A
  1. Foreignness
  2. Degradability
  3. Molecular Weight
  4. Structural Stability
  5. Complexity
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15
Q

What are the primary and secondary functions of Ab?

A

Primary: combine with Ag, may neutralize bacterial toxins and some viruses

Secondary: Combine with another effector agent (such as complement) to dispose of larger Ag

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16
Q

What are 3 differences between the primary and secondary antibody responses?

A

Despite same 4 phases, the secondary response has a shorter lag phase, longer plateau, and more gradual decline

17
Q

Distinguish between affinity and avidity

A

Affinity: force of attraction between one Fab site and one antigenic determinant

Avidity: the total (or multivalent) attraction/binding to a multimeric Ag. Must break all bonds at the same time to dissociate

18
Q

What’s an immune complex?

A

The non covalent binding of Ag with Ab

19
Q

List 4 in vitro tests that detect Ag-Ab reactions

A
  1. Agglutination tests
  2. Precipitation reactions
  3. Hemolysis testing
  4. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
20
Q

Which Ig is considered a complete antibody?

A

IgM

21
Q

What is the overall charge of an Ig?

A

Positively charged

Clinical Immunology (14 decks)

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