Antifungals Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the etiology of superficial mycoses candidiasis?
Common normal flora that can become an opportunistic pathogen
What fungals can cause candidiasis?
Albicans
Glabrata
Krusei
Parapsilosis
What are some risks for candidiasis?
Chronic disease(CKD, HIV, DM)
Medications(corticosteriods, immunosuppressants, broad abx)
Vascular access(IV drugs, intravascular catheters)
Other(Recent surgery, prolonged neutropenia, organ transplant)
Who usually gets oral candidiasis?
Infants
Elderly
DM pts
Immune deficient
After use of abx/sterioids
What are symptoms of oral candidiasis?
Early: asymptomatic
Later: abnormal/diminished taste, pain with eating/swallowing
What shows on a PE for oral candidiasis?
Beefy red, edematous mucosa of oral cavity
White plagues in the mouth(removable)
How do you diagnose oral candidiasis?
Clinically
KOH prep(budding yeasts, pseudohyphae)
Culture
How do you treat oral candidiasis?
Nystatin
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Fluconazole(PO, rest are topical)
Gentian violet
Who usually gets esophageal candidiasis?
HIV+
Immunosuppressed
What are symptoms of esophageal candidiasis?
Odynophagia(painful swallowing)
Nausea
Reflux
Oral thrush(PE finding)
How do you diagnose esophageal candidiasis?
Endoscopy
How do you treat esophageal candidiasis?
Fluconazole(PO, IV)
Itraconzaole(PO)
Voriconazole, posaconazole, echinocandin(if resistant to fluconazole)
Who usually gets vulvovaginal candidiasis?
75% of women once in their lifetime
HIV
Pregnancy
Abx use
Uncontrolled DM
What are the symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Itching, burning, pain around genital area
“cottage cheese” discharge
What are the PE findings of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Erythematous, edematous mucosa
Erythema, edema, excoriations of external genitialia
“cottage cheese” discharge(removable)
How would you diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Clinically
KOH prep
Culture
Same as CE
How do you treat VC?
Miconazole, clotrimazole, terconazole (topical)
Fluconazole, Ibrexafungerp (PO)
Azoles, probiotics (prophylactic)
Gentian violet, boric acid
Who usually gets candidiasis intertrigo?
Warm, moist environments(skin folds)
Obese
Tight clothes
Sweating
Incontinence
DM
Immosupression meds
What are some symptoms of CI?
Could be symptomatic
Itching or burning
What shows up on a PE for CI?
Plagues on skin folds
Papules and pustules
How do you diagnose CI?
Same as CV and CE
How do you treat CI?
Weight loss, control DM, different clothes
Talc, nystatin powder
Topical azaleas or nystatin
Fluconazole(PO)
How do you treat CI?
Weight loss, control DM, different clothes
Talc, nystatin powder
Topical azaleas or nystatin
Fluconazole(PO)
What are all the dermatophytes(tines) and location?
Capitis: scalp
Corpis: body(ring worm)
Cruris: groin(jock itch)
Pedis: food(athletes foot)
Unguium: nail(onychomycosis)
Versicolor: body(not a true tinea)
