Lecture prophylaxis

Question 1

What is bioterrorism?

Answer 1

intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs that can sicken or kill people, livestock, or crops

Question 2

What is weaponization?

Answer 2

the processing of microbes or toxins in a manner that would ensure a devastating effect following release

Question 3

What are features of biologic agents used as bioweapons?

Answer 3

High morbidity and mortally rate
Easily spread
Hard to tell
Low infective dose and highly infectious by air

Question 4

What are the features of category A of a bioweapon?

Answer 4

Easily spread
High morbidity and morality
Requires special action for public health
Potential to cause panic

Question 5

What are the features of category B of a bioweapon?

Answer 5

Moderately easy to spread
Low-moderate morbidity and morality

Question 6

What are features of category C of a bioweapon?

Answer 6

Readily available
Could be engineered for mass spread in the future
Potential for major health impact

Question 7

What are category A bioagents?

Answer 7

Antrax
Botulism
Plague
Smallpox
Tularemia
Viral Hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola)

Question 8

What are category B bioagents?

Answer 8

Brucellosis
Salmonella
E voli
Typhus fever

Question 9

What are category C bioagents?

Answer 9

Emergent threats

Nipah
Hantavirus
SARS
MERS coronavirus
Pandemic flu

Question 10

What type of bacteria is anthrax? Where is it found in?

Answer 10

Gram + rod
Spore-forming
Found in soil

Question 11

Where is anthrax most likely form if you develop GI symptoms?

Answer 11

Contaminated meat

Question 12

What presents on an anthrax skin infection?

Answer 12

Papule to painless vesicle to necrotic eschar

Question 13

What are symptoms of an anthrax respiratory infection?

Answer 13

Fever
Fatigue
Malaise
N/V
Cough
SOB
Pneumonia
Pleural effusions
Death

Question 14

How is anthrax diagnosed?

Answer 14

Blood culture
Skin lesions
Resp secretions

Question 15

How do you treat anthrax?

Answer 15

Antitoxin
Cipro
Clinda

Question 16

How do you treat pts for post-exposure/prophylaxis?

Answer 16

Vaccination
Cipro
Doxy
Amox

Question 17

What are the microbiologic features of botulism?

Answer 17

Only agent that is non-living
Gram + anaerobe
Found in soil
7 Forms
Releases acetylcholine(flaccid paralysis of muscles)

Question 18

What are S/S of botulism?

Answer 18

Dry mouth
Ptosis
Dilated pupils
Weakness
Diplopia

Everything that uses muscle

Question 19

How do we diagnose botulism?

Answer 19

Toxin immunoassay

Question 20

How do you treat botulism?

Answer 20

Equine antitoxin
Intubation
Mechanical ventilation
Parenteral nutriton

Question 21

How do you prevent botulism?

Answer 21

No vaccine

Question 22

What type of bacteria is the plague?

Answer 22

Gram - bacillus

Question 23

What are the two types of plague?

Answer 23

Bubonic plague and pneumonic plague
Septicemic is one too

Question 24

What are symptoms of the bubonic plague?

Answer 24

Painful LAD w/ necrosis, fever, bacteremia
Nodes called buboes
Extensive ecchymosis and necrosis of digits and nose

Question 25

What are symptoms of pneumonic plague?

Answer 25

Fever, cough, hemoptysis, and GI symptoms Mortality 84% pneumonia, pleural effusion, and lung consolidation

Question 25

What are symptoms of pneumonic plague?

Answer 25

Fever, cough, hemoptysis, and GI symptoms Mortality 84% pneumonia, pleural effusion, and lung consolidation

Question 26

How do you diagnose plague?

Answer 26

Blood culture Buboes culture Sputum

Question 27

How do you treat the plague?

Answer 27

Genta Streptococcal Doxy Chloramphenicol

Question 28

What is the prophylaxis treatment of the plague?

Answer 28

Doxy Levo

Question 29

What is the microbiological feature of small box?

Answer 29

Double-strand DNA virus from Poxviridae family

Question 30

What are S/S of smallpox?

Answer 30

Fever Malaise HA N/V Back pain Mouth ulcers Rash(face and extremities, spread to trunk) Vesicles to pustules to scabs

Question 31

What are S/S of smallpox?

Answer 31

Fever Malaise HA N/V Back pain Mouth ulcers Rash(face and extremities, spread to trunk) Vesicles to pustules to scabs

Question 32

How do you diagnose smallpox?

Answer 32

Culture PCR(polymerase chain reaction)

Question 33

How do you treat smallpox?

Answer 33

Strict isolation Supportive measures only

Question 34

What are the microbiologic features of tularemia?

Answer 34

Gram - Coccobacillus Survives for weeks on surfaces infection from insect bites or environmental contamination Tick and flea bites Spreads in air

Question 35

What are the S/S of tularemia?

Answer 35

Inflammation of airway Pharyngitis, pleuritis, bronchopneumonia Fever HA Chills Fatigue Malaise Conjunctivitis Exanthema 50% infiltrate on CXR Hilar adenopathy w/o infiltrate