ANTIHESTAMINES

Question 1

What type of drug is Diphenhydramine?

Answer 1

1st Gen H1 antagonist

Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for its sedative effects.

Question 2

What are the indications for Diphenhydramine?

Answer 2

Allergies, motion sickness, sleep aid, local anesthetic, chemo-induced vomiting

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of Diphenhydramine?

Answer 3

Competitive H1 receptor antagonist; crosses BBB

Question 4

List some side effects of Diphenhydramine.

Answer 4

• Sedation
• Dry mouth
• Cardiac toxicity (QRS widening, QT prolongation)

Question 5

What are the contraindications for using Diphenhydramine?

Answer 5

Avoid use when operating machinery or with CNS depressants

Question 6

What type of drug is Promethazine?

Answer 6

1st Gen H1 antagonist (phenothiazine derivative)

Question 7

What are the indications for Promethazine?

Answer 7

Urticaria, motion sickness, peri-op premed, sleep aid, local anesthetic

Question 8

What are the side effects of Promethazine?

Answer 8

• Strong sedation
• Antimuscarinic effects
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 9

What type of drug is Hydroxyzine?

Answer 9

1st Gen H1 antagonist

Question 10

What is a key risk associated with Hydroxyzine?

Answer 10

QT prolongation risk

Question 11

What are the indications for Hydroxyzine?

Answer 11

Urticaria (sedating), peri-op premed

Question 12

What type of drug is Chlorpheniramine?

Answer 12

Newer 1st Gen H1 antagonist

Question 13

What are the indications for Chlorpheniramine?

Answer 13

Urticaria (sedating)

Question 14

What are the side effects of Chlorpheniramine?

Answer 14

Less sedation, antimuscarinic effects

Question 15

What is the indication for Doxylamine?

Answer 15

Morning sickness

Question 16

What type of drug is Cyclizine?

Answer 16

1st Gen H1 antagonist

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclizine?

Answer 17

Anti-emetic activity, minimal sedation

Question 18

What are the indications for Cyproheptadine?

Answer 18

Appetite stimulation

Question 19

What type of drug is Meclizine?

Answer 19

1st Gen H1 antagonist

Question 20

What are the indications for Meclizine?

Answer 20

Motion sickness

Question 21

What is a key use for Cinnarizine?

Answer 21

Motion sickness, Meniere’s, vertigo

Question 22

What type of drug is Cetirizine?

Answer 22

2nd Gen H1 antagonist

Question 23

What are the indications for Cetirizine?

Answer 23

Allergies (hayfever, urticaria)

Question 24

What is a key characteristic of Levocetirizine?

Answer 24

Active enantiomer of cetirizine

Question 25

What are the contraindications for Loratadine?

Answer 25

Hepatic impairment (caution)

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action of Desloratadine?

Answer 26

Active metabolite of loratadine

Question 27

What type of drug is Fexofenadine?

Answer 27

2nd Gen H1 antagonist

Question 28

What is a key concern with Fexofenadine?

Answer 28

Cardiac risk (caution in QT prolongation)

Question 29

What type of drug is Rupatadine?

Answer 29

2nd Gen H1 antagonist + PAF blocker

Question 30

What are the side effects of Rupatadine?

Answer 30

QT prolongation

Question 31

What is a key risk associated with Ebastine?

Answer 31

Cardiac risk (QT prolongation via K+ channel interference)

Question 32

What type of drug is Mizolastine?

Answer 32

2nd Gen H1 antagonist

Question 33

What is a key characteristic of Ketotifen?

Answer 33

Also inhibits late allergic phase

Question 34

What is the main action of Azelastine?

Answer 34

Local action

Question 35

What is the indication for Olopatadine?

Answer 35

Local use (eye/nasal)