asthma and COPD Flashcards
(25 cards)
What type of drug is Salbutamol?
Short-acting β2 agonist (SABA)
Used for acute COPD symptoms
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Salbutamol?
Stimulates adenylyl cyclase → ↑cAMP → bronchodilation
This leads to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
What are the side effects of Salbutamol?
Tachycardia, palpitations, hypokalemia
These effects may vary among individuals
What drug type is Ipratropium bromide?
Short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA)
Used as an alternative for acute COPD relief
What is the indication for Ipratropium bromide?
Acute COPD relief; alternative to SABAs
Particularly useful when SABAs are ineffective
What are the contraindications for Ipratropium bromide?
None stated
Generally considered safe in the appropriate population
What potential adverse effects are associated with Ipratropium bromide?
Dry mouth, paradoxical bronchoconstriction (rare)
Paradoxical bronchoconstriction is uncommon but can occur
What type of drug are Tiotropium and Glycopyrrolate?
Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)
Effective in managing persistent COPD symptoms
What is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium?
Blocks M1, M2, M3 → ↓vagal tone → bronchodilation
This helps in reducing airway resistance
What are the adverse effects of Tiotropium?
Dry mouth
This side effect is commonly noted among users
What is the dosing frequency for Tiotropium?
Once-daily
It serves as a controller in moderate to severe COPD
What type of drug are Salmeterol and Formoterol?
Long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs)
Used for persistent COPD symptoms
What is the mechanism of action of Salmeterol?
β2 agonist → ↑cAMP → bronchodilation
Effective in providing long-term symptom control
What are the side effects associated with LABAs?
Tachycardia, tremor
These effects can be dose-dependent
What is the indication for Indacaterol?
Maintenance in COPD
Particularly useful for patients requiring consistent bronchodilation
What type of drug is Theophylline?
Non-selective PDE inhibitor
It is used as an adjunct for COPD
What is the mechanism of action of Theophylline?
↑cAMP → bronchodilation; ↑mucociliary clearance
This helps in improving airflow and reducing mucus
What are the side effects of Theophylline?
Nausea, vomiting, seizures, arrhythmias, insomnia
Monitoring is essential due to the narrow therapeutic index
What is the pharmacokinetics note for Theophylline?
↓ clearance in elderly; requires monitoring
Adjustments may be necessary based on individual response
What type of drug is Roflumilast?
Selective PDE4 inhibitor
Used in severe COPD with frequent exacerbations
What is the mechanism of action of Roflumilast?
↑cAMP → ↓inflammation, ↓exacerbations
This helps in managing chronic inflammation in COPD
What are the adverse effects of Roflumilast?
GI effects, weight loss
Monitoring for these effects is advisable
What is the indication for Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) like Fluticasone?
Severe COPD or history of asthma
It is used primarily for its anti-inflammatory effects
What are the contraindications for ICS?
Increased pneumonia risk
This risk is heightened in specific populations
