Antihypertensive Agents

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Captopril, enalapril enalaprilat perindopril

Question 2

AT1receptor blocker (ARB)

Answer 2

Valsartan

Question 3

Calcium channel blockers dihydropiridine

Answer 3

Nifedipine and amlodipine

Question 4

Selective Alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

Answer 4

Doxazosin

Question 5

Selective alpha 1 and non selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

Answer 5

Labetalol and carvedilol

Question 6

Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

Answer 6

2.metoprolol, bisoprolol 3-nebivolol

Question 7

Selective central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

Answer 7

Methyldopa

Question 8

Central alpha 2 and imidazolin I1 receptor agonists

Answer 8

Clonidine

Question 9

Selective imidazolin I1 receptor agonists (SIRA)

Answer 9

Moxonidine

Question 10

NO modulators

Answer 10

Sodium nitroprusside and glyceril trinitrate

Question 11

Factors determining BP

Answer 11

CMV, Circulating blood volume,TPR

Question 12

CMV=

Answer 12

SV *HR

Question 13

SV is dependent on

Answer 13

Contractility,Preload and afterload

Question 14

Major BP regulator system

Answer 14

ANS,RAAS,local chemicalediators I’m the endothelium

Question 15

Vasomotor centre control

Answer 15

CMV and vascular tone

Question 16

BP can be increased by

Answer 16

Increased Preload,afterload and CMV

Question 17

Preload and afterload can be increased by

Answer 17

Stimulation of postsynaptic as alpha 1 adrenoreceptor

Question 18

If drug induced reduction in vascular tone, compensatory mechanism is

Answer 18

Increase HR

Question 19

If drug induced reduction in CMV, compensatory mechanism is

Answer 19

Vasoconstriction

Question 20

——system is slower than ANS in regulation of BP

Answer 20

RAAS

Question 21

RAAS system increase BP by

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction and increasing circulating blood volume

Question 22

Activators of Renin

Answer 22

Decrease in blood pressure, decreased blood flow in renal, decreased na in distal tubules, sympathetic nervous system stimulation

Question 23

Angiotensin in AT 1 receptor cause

Answer 23

Increase in ROS,Inc in SNS,Inc Vasoconstriction,Inc in synthesis of ADH and Inc in ventricular hypertrophy

Question 24

Angiotensin 2 in AT2RECETOPR

Answer 24

Inc in NO,Inc in Na excretion,reduced endothelial hypoxic injury, decrease BP inhibits vascular growth

Question 25

Late compensatory antihypertensive response is

Answer 25

Structural remodelling or cardiovascular remodeling

Question 26

Primary antihypertensive drug groups

Answer 26

ACE1,ARB, BAB, calcium channel blockers, Diuretic agents

Question 27

Secondary antihypertensive agents

Answer 27

Centrally (SIRA, alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist); Peripheral (alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist)

Question 28

Hypotensive activity of drug is done by

Answer 28

Reduction of preload, afterload and CMV

Question 29

Reduction in preload can be done by

Answer 29

Venodilation and reduction in circulating blood volume

Question 30

Reduction of afterload can be done by

Answer 30

Arteriodilation

Question 31

Reduction in CMV can be done by

Answer 31

Negative chronotropy and inotropy

Question 32

ACE inhibitors cause

Answer 32

Venous and arterial dilation,so decrease heart afterload and preload, decrease aldosterone secretion, decrease cardiovascular remodeling

Question 33

Captopril is

Answer 33

Short acting

Question 34

Enalaprilat is given as

Answer 34

Iv

Question 35

Enalapril and perindopril are

Answer 35

Prodrug

Question 36

Use of ACE inhibitors

Answer 36

Arterial hypertension,CHF, Coronary heart disease, Diabetic nephropathy (captopril)

Question 37

SE of ACE inhibitors are

Answer 37

Dry cough (due to inc bradykinin), Hyperkalemia (due to decrease aldosterone), teratogenic

Question 38

AT 1 blockers doesn't affect

Answer 38

Bradykinin metabolism

Question 39

AT receptor blockers are

Answer 39

Valsartan, candesartan and losartan

Question 40

Use of AT 1 receptor blockers are

Answer 40

AH and CHF

Question 41

SE of AT 1 receptor blockers ,

Answer 41

Hyperkalemia , teratogenic

Question 42

Calcium channel blockers are

Answer 42

Arterial vasodilators (relaxes smooth muscles in heart and vessels), decrease afterload

Question 43

Eg of calcium channel blockers are

Answer 43

Nifedipine amlodipine nicardipine

Question 44

Duration of amlodipine is

Answer 44

24hr

Question 45

Clinical use of calcium channel blockers

Answer 45

AH, Coronary heart Disease, prevention of stable angina pectoris attack

Question 46

SE of calcium channel blockers

Answer 46

Constipation and peripheral edema (ankles)

Question 47

3rd gen BAB

Answer 47

Nebivolol, carvedilol, labetalol

Question 48

1st and 2nd gen BAB can cause

Answer 48

Reflex vasoconstriction

Question 49

Action of BAB

Answer 49

Dec in CMV by Dec HR and contractility;Dec Renin secretion, peripheral arterial vasodilation (3 rd gen)

Question 50

Action of Diuretics

Answer 50

Acts on loops and decrease circulating blood volume,long term affects vascular smooth muscles

Question 51

SE of doxazosin

Answer 51

First dose orthostatic hypotension and syncope and reflector tachycardia

Question 52

Centrally acting antihypertensive agents doesn't cause

Answer 52

Reflex tachycardia

Question 53

I1 receptor are located in

Answer 53

RVLM of medulla oblongata

Question 54

SIRA action

Answer 54

Decrease SNS activity

Question 55

Use of SIRA

Answer 55

AH and metabolic syndrome

Question 56

which drug has equal affinity to alpha 2 adrenoreceptor and I1 receptor

Answer 56

Clonidine

Question 57

Use of clonidine

Answer 57

Antihypertensive therapy in urgent situations

Question 58

SE of clonidine

Answer 58

Bradycardia, sedation, dryness of mouth

Question 59

Methyldopa (cross BBB) use

Answer 59

Gestational hypertension

Question 60

Sodium nitroprusside (short acting vasodilatory)-decrease heart afterload and preload) use

Answer 60

Hypertensive emergency

Question 61

Combined alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blocker

Answer 61

Labetalol

Question 62

Labetalol use

Answer 62

Hypertensive emergency and urgency