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Pharma 2 > Cardiac Failure > Flashcards

Cardiac Failure Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril and captopril

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2
Q

ARB

A

Valsartan

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3
Q

Neprilysin inhibitors

A

Valsartan+sacubitril

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4
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor

A

Dapagliflozin

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5
Q

Vasopressors

A

NE

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6
Q

Inotropic agents are

A

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist, cardiac glycoside, calcium channel sensitizers and PDE3 inhibitor

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7
Q

Calcium channel sensitizers

A

Levosimendane

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8
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

PDE 3inhibitor

A

Milrinone

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10
Q

Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist

A

Dopamine and dobutamine

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11
Q

Treatment for heart failure mechanisms used

A

1.stimulation of cardiac performance 2.reductionmof heart load if necessary 3.delay in cardiac remodelling and fibrosis

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12
Q

Reduction of heart load can be done by

A

Negative chronotropy, reduce preload and afternoon,reduced circulating blood volume

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13
Q

Cardiac performance can be increased by

A

Increase in cardiac contractility, increase preload, increase ventricular filling time (diastole extension), increase amount of circulating blood volume

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14
Q

Vasodilators are

A

ACE inhibitors,ARB,ARNI,, 3rd gen BAB, calcium sensitizers, PDE3inhibitor, organic nitrate , Sodium nitroprusside

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15
Q

Dilation of arteries are done by

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

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16
Q

Reduction in circulatory blood volume is done by

A

ARNI,MRA, SGLT2 inhibitor, Diuretic

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17
Q

Negative chronotropy done by

A

2 Nd and 3rd gen BAB and SA node inhibitor, cardiac glycoside

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18
Q

Increase in contractility (inotropy) done by

A

Cardiac glycoside, calcium sensitizers, PDE3inhibitor,beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist

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19
Q

Delay of remodeling is done by

A

ACE inhibitors,ARB,ARNI,MRA,2 Nd ge and 3rd gen , SGLT2 inhibitor

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20
Q

ACE-I fn

A

Vasodilation and delay of cardiac remodelling

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21
Q

ARB fn

A

Vasodilation and delay of cardiac remodelling

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22
Q

ARNI fn

A

Vasodilation,delay of remodeling and reduction in circulatory blood volume

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23
Q

MRA fn

A

Reduction in circulatory blood volume and delay in cardiac remodelling

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24
Q

Second gen BAB fn

A

Negative chronotropy and delay in cardiac remodelling

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25
3rd gen BAB fn
Negative chronotropy,delay in cardiac remodelling and vasodilation
26
SGLT2 inhibitor fn
Arterial dilation, reduce circulating volume and delay in cardiac remodelling
27
Diuretic fn
Reduction in circulatory blood volume
28
Sinus node inhibitor fn
Negative chronotropy
29
Cardiac glycoside fn
Negative chronotropy and positive inotropy
30
Beta 1 adrenoreceptor agonist fn
Positive inotropy
31
Calcium sensitizers fn
Vasodilation and positive inotropy
32
PDE3INHIBITOR fn
Vasodilation and positive inotropy
33
Organic nitrate and sodium nitroprusside fn
Vasodilation
34
ACE I names
Captopril enalapril enalaprilat perindopril,ramipril
35
ARB names
Valsartan candesartan losartan
36
ACE I and ARB are
Antifibrotic and remodelling inhibitor
37
Natriuretic peptide function
Vasodilation, sodium excretion, diuresis,anti fibrotic
38
Neprilysin is
An enzyme that degrade Natriuretic peptide
39
Neprilysin inhibitors are
Sacubitril
40
ARB +neprilysin inhibitors are
ARNI
41
Sacubitril is combined with ARB group because
Of increase in AT2, because neprilysin was responsible for both NP and AT2
42
ARNI use
CHF
43
ACE I is not used with sacubitril because
They can increase bradykinin leading to angioedema
44
Spironolactone is
Non-selective MRA
45
SGLT2 inhibitor are
Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin
46
SGLT2 inhibitor acts on
SGLT2 receptor in proximal renal tubule causing glycosuria,in NHS exchanger in heart causing reduction in sodium and calcium ions intracellular and same happens when acts on SGLT2 1receptor in heart,but also reduces body weight
47
Use of SGLT2 inhibitor (Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin)are
CHF
48
Side effects of SGLT2 inhibitor are
Urinary tract infection due to glycosuria
49
Furosemide is
Short acting,so also used in Acute Heart failure
50
Loop diuretic cause SE
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and ototoxicity
51
Ivabradine use
CHF
52
Cardiac glycoside, Digoxin inhibits
Na K pump,which further affects na Cal pump and increase intracellular calcium ions
53
Potassium depleting diuretic with cardiac glycoside cause
Cardiotoxicity
54
Negative chronotropy of cardiac glycoside is due to
N vagus parasympathomimetic effect
55
Use of cardiac glycoside
AHF and CHF(They can accumulate: caution)
56
SE cardiac glycoside
Rhythm disorders, extrasystole, atrial tachycardia,AV block, nausea diarrhea visual disturbance
57
Digoxin T1/2
30 to 50 HR(depends on renal fn
58
Acute overdose of cardiac glycoside cause symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia, cardiac arrythmia
59
ECG features of Digoxin
Increased PR I, decreased QT I,ST segment depression (hockey stick configuration)
60
Treatment of Digoxin toxicity
Digoxin specific antibody, calcium gluconate/calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and glucose IV with insulin -to treat hyperkalemia
61
Heart block or bradykardia can be treated by
Atropine
62
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia can also be treated by
Lidocaine and phenytoin in case of hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
63
Dobutamine has
Positive inotropy effect by increasing calcium intracellular
64
Dopamine acts on
D1,alpha 1 and beta 1 receptor
65
Dopamine at low dose
Improves renal microcirculation
66
Dopamine at medium dose
Positive inotropic and cardiotonic effect
67
Dopamine at high dose
Vasopressor effect
68
Levosimendane has triple action
Positive inotropy without using extraoxygen, vasodilation,cardioprotection
69
Use of levosimendane (calcium sensitizers)
AHF
70
Milrinone use
AHF
71
GTN and sodium nitroprusside use
AHF
72
Opioid receptor agonists morphine use
Reduce tachypnoea
73
Vasopressor agents in hypotensive patients
NE

Pharma 2 (7 decks)

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