Antimicrobials Flashcards
(37 cards)
irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase by covalently binding to the serine residue of the active site of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) thus inhibiting cell wall synthesis
MOA of B-Lactam Antibiotics
Old penicillin
Penicillium notatum
clinical trials of penicillin
freeze-drying” or “lyophilization”
New penicillin
P. chrysogenum or P. rubens
Alternative to penicillin if allergic
Erythromycin
major product of acid degradation
Penilloic acid
Penicillin SAR in the R or side chain: addition of electron withdrawing group
acid stability
Penicillin SAR in the R or side chain:
addition of amino group
increases spectrum of activity
may be given with Probenecid to improve bioavailability
Penicillin G
“Narrow Spectrum” penicillins
Natural Penicillins
T/F. Sulfur atom in thiazolidine ring is nonessential
True
depot forms if pen G given IM but is rapidly excreted
benzathine penicillin, procaine penicillin
major product of enzymatic degradation of penicillin
by B-lactamase
Penicilloic acid:
phenoxymethyl penicillin
Penicillin V
A natural penicillin given orally and only for minor infections
Penicillin V
benzylpenicillin
Penicillin G
Penicillin SAR in the R or side chain: addition of bulky group
penicillinase resistance
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
- “Penicillinase-resistant” penicillins
Wht are the Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
- “Broad Spectrum” penicillins
Aminopenicillins
can be given to patients with renal problems
Nafcillin
- alternative to methicillin
Nafcillin
development of bacterial resistance: MRSA—-> vancomycin
Methicillin
What are the amino penicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
