Antivirals and Antifungals

Question 1

suffix associated with most antiviral drugs

Answer 1

-vir

Question 2

AE influenza A & B

Answer 2

N/V/D, fever (the flu)

Question 3

which forms of Hepatitis do not have a vaccine?

Answer 3

C, D, E

Question 4

T/F: hepatitis D and E are common in the US

Answer 4

False

Question 5

how is hepatitis B treated?

Answer 5

1). Interferon (weekly injection) 2). Nucleoside/Nucleotide analog (better, PO)

Question 6

AE of Interferon

Answer 6

flu-like symptoms

Question 7

common AE for DAAs

Answer 7

fatigue, weakness, headache, nausea

Question 8

PT concern with DAAs + corticosteroids

Answer 8

Bradycardia

Question 9

what does HIV target?

Answer 9

immune system -> CD4 T cells

Question 10

result of HIV progression?

Answer 10

decreased CD4 count leading to AIDS

Question 11

how is HIV treated?

Answer 11

HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment)

Question 12

what is HAART?

Answer 12

combo therapy to increase efficacy and decrease resistance

Question 13

patient specific factor in successful management of HIV

Answer 13

ADHERENCE

Question 14

MOA of antivirals

Answer 14

target different points in lifecycle

Question 15

Rehab concerns specific to HIV

Answer 15

1). opportunistic infections 2). Neuromuscular problems (myopathy, peripheral neuropathy) 3). pt trx include pain management

Question 16

types of fungal infections

Answer 16

1). superficial 2). systemic

Question 17

patients at risk for fungal infections

Answer 17

immunosuppression, antibacterial, diabetics, burn victims

Question 18

*antifungal drugs basic MOA

Answer 18

alter cell membrane permeability

Question 19

2 antifungal classes

Answer 19

1). polyenes, 2). azoles

Question 20

which antifungal drug class is broad spectrum

Answer 20

azoles

Question 21

PD implications of azoles

Answer 21

common CYP interactions

Question 22

which antifungals commonly have DDI?

Answer 22

Azoles

Question 23

Polyene drugs

Answer 23

Nystatin, Amphotericin B

Question 24

Nystatin AE

Answer 24

N/V/D, cramps (PO), rash, urticaria (topical)

Question 25

Azole drugs

Answer 25

Fluconazole, ketoconazole

Question 26

Azole drugs AE

Answer 26

N/V, photophobia, cardiac arrhythmia, menstrual irregularities,

Question 27

primary concern with antifungals

Answer 27

liver damage, elevated serum transaminase kidney damage

Question 28

What are the types of vaccines?

Answer 28

1). inactivated 2). subunit/conjugated 3). attenuated 4). toxoid

Question 29

what is in an inactivated vaccine?

Answer 29

killed pathogen

Question 30

what is in a conjugated vaccine?

Answer 30

piece of the pathogen

Question 31

what is in a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 31

weakened pathogen

Question 32

what is in a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 32

pathogen toxin instead of actual pathogen

Question 33

which vaccine is good for life?

Answer 33

life attenuated

Question 34

which vaccine should be avoided in immunocompromised populations?

Answer 34

life attenuated

Question 35

areas of virus lifecycle that a virus can impact

Answer 35

1). going into and out of cell (binding/budding) 2). movement in cell (uncoating) 3). replication (translation/transcription/assembly)

Question 36

what is used to treat Hepatitis C?

Answer 36

DAA

Question 37

What is a therapeutic concern when treating a patient with hepatitis C?

Answer 37

bradycardia

Question 38

for an acute infection of of Hepatitis A what is recommended?

Answer 38

rest, hyrdate, antipyretic drugs, AVOID acetaminophen, typically takes 2-6 months to recover

Question 39

name all the categories of antiviral drugs

Answer 39

antiherpes, anti-influenza, antihepatitis, miscellanis