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YEAR 3 PSYCH > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what acts as the emotional filter of the brain for assessing whether sensory material via the thalamus requires a stress or fear response

A

amygdala

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2
Q

acute stress leads to dose-dependent increase in what

A

catecholamines and cortisol

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3
Q

_____ acts to mediate and shut down the stress response

A

cortisol

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4
Q

through negative feedback, cortisol acts on what

A

pituitary
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala

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5
Q

acute stress _____ cortisol levels

A

increases

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6
Q

what is an automatic though

A

thought that pops into your head throughout the day

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7
Q

what is a schema

A

a deep rooted unconditional belief that stems from childhood experience. they shape assumptions and automatic thoughts

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8
Q

what is GAD

A

anxiety that is not restricted to, or strongly predominating in any particular environment - free floating

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9
Q

what makes anxiety qualify as GAD

A 
long lasting (most days for 6 months)
not controllable 
causing significant distress/impairment in function
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10
Q

what is the typical age of onset of GAD

A

20-40

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11
Q

what is the course of GAD

A

chronic and fluctuating

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12
Q

is GAD more common in women or men

A

women

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13
Q

__% are co-morbid with other psychiatric disorders

A

90

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14
Q

what is the first line treatment of GAD

A

CBT

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15
Q

what pharmacological methods can be used to treat GAD

A

SSRI - sertraline
SNRI - venlafaxine
pregabalin
Benzodiazepines (ST only)

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16
Q

what investigations would be done for GAD

A

ECG
PFTs
TFTs
FBC

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17
Q

when do problems with benzos arise

A

if used over 2 weeks

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18
Q

what kind of problems arise with benzos

A

sedation and psychomotor impairment
withdrawal problems
can worsen depression
nausea and headache

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19
Q

how do you treat an overdose of benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil

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20
Q

what kind of withdrawal symptoms are seen with benzos

A

rebound anxiety
insomnia
irritability
delirium

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21
Q

how do benzos work

A

enhance the effect of GABA –> sedation, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant effects, reduced anxiety

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22
Q

GABA channels allow __ influx

A

Cl-

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23
Q

what is panic disorder

A

recurrent attacks of severe anxiety which are not restricted to any particular situation or set of circumstances and so attacks are unpredictable

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24
Q

what are s/s of panic disorder

A

sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, choking sensation, dizziness, unreality

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25
when does a panic attack peak
10 minutes, lasts up to 45 mins
26
most patients with PD also have
agoraphobia
27
what is agoraphobia
fear and avoidance of places and situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed e.g. big crowds, public transport
28
what is the typical age onset of PD
late adolescence to mid 30s
29
what is the typical course of PD
waxing and waning | chronic
30
PD is often comorbid with
other anxiety disorders, depression, drug and alcohol misuse
31
what is the first line treatment in PD
CBT (+ graded exposure of agoraphobia)
32
what are some pharmacological options for treating PD
SSRI SNRI - venlafaxine TCA - imipramine, clomipramine benzo - short term only - acute
33
what are the 3 types of phobia
agoraphobia social phobia specific phobia
34
phobias are typically late/early onset
early
35
with phobias, is the fear recognised as irrational?
yes
36
phobias are typified by
avoidance and anticipatory anxiety
37
what does agoraphobia entail
fears of leaving home, entering shops, crowds, public places, travelling alone - avoidance is prominent
38
agoraphobia may be second to conditions such as
panic disorder | depression
39
people with agoraphobia often use ___ to get over anxiety
alcohol
40
what is specific phobia
marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation
41
what is the treatment of specific phobia
behavioural therapy - graded exposure CBT if necessary SSRI/SNRI if required
42
what is social phobia
persistent fear of one or more social or performance situation in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or possible scrutiny by others
43
social phobia tends to occur in ____ social situations
small
44
what is the treatment of social phobia
CBT SSRI/SNRI benzo
45
what is OCD
recurrent obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts
46
in anxiety there is increased bilateral activation and increased CBF of the
amygdala
47
what are obsessional thoughts
ideas images or impulses entering the mind in stereotyped way
48
how would you describe the nature of the obsessional thoughts in OCD
unpleasant, resisted and ego-dystonic
49
what are compulsive acts in OCD
repeated rituals or stereotyped behaviours that are not enjoyable or functional - pointless
50
carrying out the compulsive act is assoc with
reduced anxiety | neutralising behaviour
51
what is needed for diagnosis of OCD
obsessional thoughts or compulsive acts must be present most days for at least 2 weeks and be a source of distress and interference with activities - obsessions must be the persons own thoughts - resistance must be present - rituals are not pleasant - must be repetitive
52
what are some common obsessions
fear of germs fear of harm obsession with order/symmetry obsession with body
53
what are some common compulsions
checking cleaning / washing repeating words collecting
54
what is the mean onset of OCD
20
55
what is the peak onset of OCD for males
13-15
56
what is the peak onset of OCD for females
24-25
57
60-90% of OCD experience one ________ episode
major depressive
58
OCD has significant co-morbidity with
``` schizophrenia tourettes/tic disorders body dysmorphic disorder eating disorders trichotillomania ```
59
what is trichotillomania
compulsive desire to pull out hair
60
what is the treatment of OCD
CBT - including response prevention SSRI clomipramine

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