AO3 and Things IDK Approaches Flashcards
(22 cards)
wundt ao3
praised for moving psyc away from philosophical roots
not reliable- based on subjective experience
psychodynamic assumpt
behaviour due to unconscious motives
focusses on past experience especially in relationships with parents and childhood conflicts in creating behaviour and personality
features of psychodynamic
role of unconscious
structure of personality
defence mechanisms
psychosexual stages
psychodynamic ao3
criticised for psychic determinism- suggests ind is controlled by external and internal factors
practical applications- psychoanalysis, used to treat abnormality in real work e.g. depression and anxiety by dealing w conflict hidden in unconscious.
COUNTER- extent of its use is relatively small compared to CBT and drug as patients may struggle to identify what is real and what is not- those with disorder may struggle to articulate thoughts in the way needed for psychoanalysis
lacks scientific rigour does not use scientific methods, id ego superego are abstract cannot be objectively and empirically tested and falsified. decrease overall int val
behaviourist assumpt
humans are born as a blank slate
all behaviour is learn from the environment therefore can be unlearnt
features of behaviourist
classical
operant
conditioning
behaviourist ao3
criticised for environmental determinism- states individual controlled by external factors
determinism could be strength, cause of behaviour identified, practical applications- systematic desensitisation- effective in treating phobias by helping find unlearn maladaptive association
environmental reductionism- reduces complex human behaviour
humanistic assumpt
all humans can determine own behaviour and have free will
features of humanistic
free will
self actualisation
the self, congruence, conditions of worth
humanistic ao3
takes holistic approach in explaining behaviour, takes into account subjective experience compared to reductionist approaches
practical applications-person centred therapy, can be used to treat abnormality in real world e.g. depression by helping individual achieve congruence and self actualise
bound by cultural relativism- many concepts are associated w individualistic cultures (self actualisation/personal growth) but non western emphasise community and working as a group
cognitive approach assumpt
it is our internal mental processes that affect behaviour e.g. thoughts, memories and perceptions and these should be studied scientifically allowing inferences to be made
the mind works like a computer in that it has input from senses, which is processed to produce output, e.g. specific behaviour.
features of cognitive approach
study of internal mental processes
computer model and theoretical model to exp behaviour
role of schemas
cognitive approach ao3
soft determinism- sees behaviour as being caused by internal factors but suggest ind has some choice over behaviour, beneficial as they believe they have more control to alter faulty thought processes- positive approach
uses controlled experiments to conduct research- lack eco validity and mundane realisms- difficult to generalise beyond setting reducing ext validity
practical applications- CBT, effective in treating disorders like depression helping ind dispute irrational thoughts and negative schemas
social learning theory assumpt
slt suggests learning is through observing and imitating a model
features of slt
observational learning
four mediational processes
observational learning
identification- ind associates themselves w role model due to similarity/status and wants to be like them. MORE LIKELY TO IMITATE BEHAVIOURS
imitation- ind observes and copies behaviour from role model
vicarious reinforcement- ind sees role model rewarded for behaviour, increases chance of imitation to receive same reward
leads to modelling- process of imitating behaviour of role model
four mediational processes
bandura says observational learning involves:
attention- learning occurs when they intend to models behaviour e.g. child observe model to reproduce behaviour. our attention must be captured.
retention- to reproduce modelling behaviour, must store model of behaviour in LTM, allowing behaviour to be remembered/retrieved. more likely if info easy, memorable, or observed repeatedly.
reproduction- ind must have skill and capability to be confident to reproduce behaviour- more likely if behaviour easy to replicate//simple
motivation//reinforcements- ind may be motivated to imitate behaviour because they have seen someone else rewarded (vicarious reinforcement)// identify with model
slt ao3
bandura- found when children observed model acting aggressively towards doll, more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour WHEREAS 70% of children who observed non aggressive model/no model showed no aggression levels. therefore evidencing how observation initiate learning
practical applications- used by government to control how media portray certain behaviours e.g. restricted ads for alcohol and smoking to reduce negative behaviour
goes beyond behaviourist- considers element of free will, all human behaviour is a result of external causes yet we have ability to make conscious decision of whether or not to imitate- could be considered superior to approaches that take hard deterministic stance
slt ao3
bandura- found when children observed model acting aggressively towards doll, more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour WHEREAS 70% of children who observed non aggressive model/no model showed no aggression levels. therefore evidencing how observation initiate learning
practical applications- used by government to control how media portray certain behaviours e.g. restricted ads for alcohol and smoking to reduce negative behaviour
goes beyond behaviourist- considers element of free will, all human behaviour is a result of external causes yet we have ability to make conscious decision of whether or not to imitate- could be considered superior to approaches that take hard deterministic stance
biological approach assumpt
all human behaviour is first biological, mind lives in brain
physical factors e.g. hormones, neuroanatomy, nervous system and inheritance of genes can all explain behaviour.
features of biological
influence of genes on behaviour
influence of neurochemistry on behaviour
influence of biological structures on behaviour
evolution and behaviour
biological ao3
criticised for biological determinism- approach states individual is controlled by internal factors that inevitably cause behaviour
criticised for biological reductionism
practical applications- SSRIs effective in treating OCD and depression by increasing serotonin activity.
