AP Bio Chap. 3

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

Molecules that consist primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 2

Functional Group

Answer 2

A cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule.

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they construct, rearrange, and split organic compounds.

Question 4

Condensation

Answer 4

Two molecules covalently bond into a larger one.

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

Reverse of condensation. Enzymes break a bond by attaching a hydroxyl group to one atom and a hydrogen to the other.

Question 6

Monomers

Answer 6

Subunits. Used to build larger molecules that are structural and functional parts of cells.

Question 7

Polymers

Answer 7

Larger molecules. Chains of monomers.

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds that are insoluble in water.

Question 10

Fatty Acids

Answer 10

Simple organic compounds that have a carboxyl group joined to a backbone of four to thirty-six carbon atoms.

Question 11

Fats

Answer 11

Lipids with one, two or three fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol.

Question 12

Triglycerides

Answer 12

Fats with three fatty acid tails link to the glycerol.

Question 13

Phospholipids

Answer 13

Have a polar head with a phosphate in it and two nonpolar fatty acid tails.

Question 14

Waxes

Answer 14

Complex, varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long-chain alcohols or carbon rings.

Question 15

Steriods

Answer 15

Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails.

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

Organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino acids.

Question 17

Amino Acid

Answer 17

A small organic compound with an amine group, a carboxyl group (the acid), and one or more atoms called an “R group.”

Question 18

Polypeptides

Answer 18

Bonding amino acids into chains.

Question 19

Denature

Answer 19

The shape of a protein bond unravels and they no longer function.

Question 20

Nucleotides

Answer 20

Small organic molecules, various kinds of which function as energy carriers, enzyme helpers, chemical messengers and subunits of DNA and RNA.

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

Adenosine Triphosphate. Has a row of three phosphate groups attached to its sugar.

Question 22

Nucleic Acids

Answer 22

Polymers-chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next.

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

Ribonucleic acid. Consists of four kinds of nucleotide monomers, one of which is ATP. Important in protein synthesis.

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Another type of nucleic acid named after the deoxyribose sugar of its component nucleotides. Hydrogen bonds between the found kinds of nucleotide hold the two stands of DNA together.

Question 25

Cleavage

Answer 25

Reactions split large molecules into smaller ones (hydrolysis)

Question 25

Chitin

Answer 25

Polysaccharide with nitrogen-containing groups on its many glucose monomers.

Question 26

Monosaccharide

Answer 26

One sugar unit. Monomers.

Question 27

Oligosaccharides

Answer 27

Short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides.

Question 28

Primary

Answer 28

Unique sequence of amino acids.

Question 29

Secondary

Answer 29

Chain twists, bends, loops, folds.

Question 30

Tertiary

Answer 30

“Domains” are structurally stable units.

Question 31

Quaternary

Answer 31

2 or more polypeptide chains bonded.