AP Human Geo 1.3-1.4 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Globalization
Force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
transnational corporation
conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in multiple countries
distribution
arrangement of a feature in space (are things numerous or scarce? close together or far apart?)
denisty
frequency in which something occurs in space
- 2 features: number of a feature and land area (a large number of a feature doesn’t always equal a large density)
- high population doesn’t always equal high poverty
concentration
extent of feature’s spread over space
- clustered = close together
- dispersed = far apart
pattern
geometric arrangement of objects in space
- many objects form linear distribution
- grid pattern
structuralist geography
how the powerful dominate society; how dominated groups occupy space; confrontations between groups
humanistic geography
emphasizes way that individuals form ideas about places and give them symbolic meanings
behavioral geography
emphasizes importance of understanding psychological basis of individual actions in space
- ex. distinctive spatial patterns are made by actions and attitudes of cultural groups and society
uneven development
the wealth gap between peripheral nations and core regions; has a lot to do with technology and is a result of hierarchical diffusion
core region
North America, Europe, Japan
peripheral nations
Africa, Asia, Latin America
- have large population and population growth but don’t have as advanced technology
assimilation
process in which a group’s cultural features are made to resemble those of another group
*The culture of one group can dominate the culture of another group
acculturation
changes in culture that result from groups meeting
*Groups retain their cultures
syncretism
combination of 2 groups into a new cultural feature
*Formation of a new culture
diffusion
process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another (usually spread from a hearth)
hearth
where something (and innovation or idea) originates from
- ex. Covid’s hearth is Wuhan, China
relocation diffusion
spread of an idea through physical movement of people
- ex. Conquistadors bringing Spanish and European innovations and goods to the Americas
expansion diffusion
spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process
- contagious
- hierarchical
- stimulus
contagious expansion diffusion
rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
- ex. the flu, Covid, Islam spreading from Mecca
hierarchical expansion diffusion
spread of ideas from a person of power to other people
- spread from politicians elites/influencers, corporations, etc.
- ex. clothing fads, hip-hop
stimulus expansion diffusion
spread of underlying principle even if a characteristic refuses to spread
- ex. IPhone features going to other companies, McDonalds-Hindu
network
a chain of communication that connects places
- ex. airline hubs
distance decay
diminishing contact between people due to distance
- decreasing due to technology
