AP Psych States of Consciousness Vocab

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

an awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Altered States of Consciousness (ASC)

Answer 2

a state of conscious where there’s a shift in the quality of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

Question 3

meditation

Answer 3

a form of mental training where you try to focus your mind on your experiences in the present moment

Question 4

sleep

Answer 4

body’s biological rhythms. it lacks full awareness but the brain is still active

Question 5

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 5

cycles that fluctuate on a 24 hour cycle (16 awake 8 sleep). Affects metabolism, hormones, sleep, melatonin production and wakefulness.

Question 6

REM sleep

Answer 6

Dream stage of sleep. Also known as paradoxical sleep because your mind is aware, but your body is paralyzed except for the occasional twitch.

Question 7

Daydreaming

Answer 7

variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires or fantasies and away from the immediate situation

Question 8

Alpha waves

Answer 8

occurs during REM sleep and wakefulness. Physically and mentally relaxed, aware but drowsy. Waves are between 7 and 12 Hz.

Question 9

Stage 1 - NREM 1

Answer 9

It is almost like daydreaming, except we are beginning to fall asleep. this kind of sleep is full of hypnagogic sensations and hallucinations

Question 10

hallucinations

Answer 10

sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulation. Occurs during NREM 1

Question 11

hypnagogic sensations

Answer 11

the sensation of falling or floating weightlessly. Occurs during NREM 1

Question 12

delta waves

Answer 12

up to 4 Hz, very deep sleep, loss of bodily awareness. occur in stage 4 sleep

Question 13

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 13

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls our circadian rhythm

Question 14

Adaptation/protection theory of sleep

Answer 14

The theory of sleep that suggest we sleep because in the past, it was more dangerous for us to be awake at night due to predators, so we slept to conserve energy and stay safe

Question 15

repair/restoration theory of sleep

Answer 15

theory of sleep that says sleep allows for the body to repair and replete cellular components necessary for biological functions that become depleted throughout an awake day.

Question 16

growth/development theory of sleep

Answer 16

theory of sleep that says sleep is necessary for neural reorganization and growth of the brain’s structure and function

Question 17

learning/memory theory of sleep

Answer 17

the of sleep that says memory is encoded during REM sleep.

Question 18

insomnia

Answer 18

inability to fall asleep, stay asleep and get good sleep. thought to be caused by anxiety

Question 19

narcolepsy

Answer 19

randomly falling asleep during the day. thought to be triggered by emotion

Question 20

sleep apnea

Answer 20

stop breathing during sleep

Question 20

nightmares

Answer 20

bad dreams during REM sleep

Question 21

sleep terrors

Answer 21

synonym of night terrors

Question 22

night terrors

Answer 22

extreme fear, screaming, or running around during sleep without waking fully. oftentimes the person does not remember it happening in the morning.

Question 23

dreams

Answer 23

any images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep

Question 24

wish-fulfillment view of dreams

Answer 24

developed from Freud; said we have dreams to fulfill our erotic wishes that would be threatening if they were expressed directly

Question 25

manifest content of dreams

Answer 25

the apparent and remembered story line from your dreams is actually a censored, symbolic version of latent content

Question 25

activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams

Answer 25

our brain stem has a lot of random neural activity which causes our dreams

Question 25

latent content of dreams

Answer 25

unconscious drives and wishes from your dreams that would be threatening if expressed directly (a gun could symbolize a penis)

Question 25

cognitive view of dreams

Answer 25

we dream so our brain can mature

Question 26

REM Rebound

Answer 26

after long periods of sleep deprivation, we have longer, more intense periods of REM sleep when we go to sleep.

Question 27

Psychoactive drug

Answer 27

a chemical that changes our state of consciousness by influencing how neurotransmitters operate at the synapses in the central nervous system

Question 27

substance use disorder

Answer 27

continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

Question 27

tolerance

Answer 27

when the body gets used to a drug, you need more of it to get the same effects

Question 28

withdrawal

Answer 28

your body's physical dependence on a drug after awhile. can lead to sweating, fevers, etc.

Question 28

depressant

Answer 28

slow down the central nervous system. reduces tension and inhibitions. impairs our judgement, concentration and motor activity

Question 29

alcohol

Answer 29

any drink containing ethyl

Question 29

alcohol use disorder

Answer 29

also known as alcoholism, is when you're addicted to alcohol

Question 30

addiction

Answer 30

experience compulsive, uncontrollable cravings for a drug. can lead to a lack of impulse control, or continuing to pursue the drug even though there are bad things happening because of the drug

Question 31

barbiturates

Answer 31

addictive sedative-hypnotic drugs that bind with your GABA neurotransmitter. (major tranquilizers)

Question 31

opiates

Answer 31

derived from opium, they depress your CNS, and make your brain stop producing endorphins

Question 32

stimulant

Answer 32

lead to more activity in your central nervous system

Question 32

nicotine

Answer 32

an alkaloid obtained primarily from the tobacco plant (

Question 33

amphetamines

Answer 33

manufactured in a lab. more dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 33

cocaine

Answer 33

most powerful stimulant. makes you excited, energetic, talkative and possibly euphoric.

Question 34

methamphetamine

Answer 34

a really, really bad amphetamine

Question 35

ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 35

Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that makes euphoria and social intimacy, also called the "club drug", causes dangerous level of dehydration and lowers blood pressure to extent of death in some cases, makes feel happy for short time, leading to depression later.

Question 36

hallucinogens

Answer 36

changes perceptions of reality. can led to sensory hallucinations and loss of identity.

Question 37

LSD

Answer 37

powerful hallucinogen that can cause hallucinations

Question 38

THC

Answer 38

what makes you feel "high" from marijuana. Can act as a stimulant, depressant, and a hallucinogen.